{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T22:22:55Z","timestamp":1783117375971,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]],"date-time":"2021-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Key points<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Multiple clinical studies report that acute hyperglycaemia (induced by mixed meal or oral glucose) decreases arterial vascular function in healthy humans. Feeding, however, impacts autonomic output, blood pressure, and insulin and incretin secretion, which may themselves alter vascular function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>No prior studies have examined the effect of acute hyperglycaemia on both macro\u2010 and microvascular function while controlling plasma insulin concentrations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Macrovascular and microvascular functional responses to euglycaemia and hyperglycaemia were compared. Octreotide was infused throughout both protocols to prevent endogenous insulin release.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Acute hyperglycaemia (induced by intravenous glucose) enhanced brachial artery flow\u2010mediated dilatation, increased skeletal muscle microvascular blood volume and flow, and expanded cardiac muscle microvascular blood volume.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Compared to other published findings, the results suggest that vascular responses to acute hyperglycaemia differ based on the study population (i.e. normal weight <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. overweight\/obese) and\/or glucose delivery method (i.e. intravenous <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. oral glucose).<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>High glucose concentrations acutely provoke endothelial cell oxidative stress and are suggested to trigger diabetes\u2010related macro\u2010 and microvascular injury in humans. Multiple clinical studies report that acute hyperglycaemia (induced by mixed meal or oral glucose) decreases arterial vascular function in healthy humans. Feeding, however, impacts autonomic output, blood pressure, and insulin and incretin secretion, which may each independently alter vascular function and obscure the effect of acute hyperglycaemia <jats:italic>per se<\/jats:italic>. Surprisingly, no studies have examined the acute effects of intravenous glucose\u2010induced hyperglycaemia on both macro\u2010 and microvascular function while controlling plasma insulin concentrations. In this randomized study of healthy young adults, we compared macrovascular (i.e. brachial artery flow\u2010mediated dilatation, carotid\u2010femoral pulse wave velocity and post\u2010ischaemic brachial artery flow velocity) and microvascular (heart and skeletal muscle perfusion by contrast\u2010enhanced ultrasound) functional responses to euglycaemia and hyperglycaemia. Octreotide was infused throughout both protocols to prevent endogenous insulin release. Acute intravenous glucose\u2010induced hyperglycaemia enhanced brachial artery flow\u2010mediated dilatation (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.004), increased skeletal muscle microvascular blood volume and flow (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.001), and expanded cardiac muscle microvascular blood volume (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.014). No measure of vascular function changed during octreotide\u2010maintained euglycaemia. Our findings suggest that unlike meal\u2010provoked acute hyperglycaemia, 4\u00a0h of intravenous glucose\u2010induced hyperglycaemia enhances brachial artery flow\u2010mediated dilatation, provokes cardiac and skeletal muscle microvascular function, and does not impair aortic stiffness. Previous findings of acute large artery vascular dysfunction during oral glucose or mixed meal ingestion may be due to differences in study populations and meal\u2010induced humoral or neural factors beyond hyperglycaemia <jats:italic>per se<\/jats:italic>. (ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT03520569.)<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/jp281286","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,23]],"date-time":"2021-01-23T04:19:05Z","timestamp":1611375545000},"page":"949-962","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Acute hyperglycaemia enhances both vascular endothelial function and cardiac and skeletal muscle microvascular function in healthy humans"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"600","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8081-1214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William B.","family":"Horton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Medicine University of Virginia School of Medicine  Charlottesville VA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda A.","family":"Jahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and 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