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Recurrent activation of the CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010arousal reflex is associated with sleep disruption in obstructive sleep apnoea. In this review we examine the role of chemoreceptors in the carotid bodies, the retrotrapezoid nucleus and serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe in the CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010arousal reflex. We also provide an overview of the supra\u2010medullary structures that mediate CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010induced arousal. We propose a framework for the CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010arousal reflex in which the activity of the chemoreceptors converges in the parabrachial nucleus to trigger cortical arousal.\n                    <jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\">\n                      <jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/tjp14629-gra-0001-m.png\">\n                        <jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text>\n                      <\/jats:graphic>\n                    <\/jats:boxed-text>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/jp281305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,24]],"date-time":"2021-03-24T00:45:53Z","timestamp":1616546753000},"page":"2559-2571","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Chemoreceptor mechanisms regulating CO\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    \u2010induced arousal from sleep"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"599","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1244-3637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen B. 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