{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T05:27:07Z","timestamp":1789709227138,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]],"date-time":"2021-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["102892\/Z\/13\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["102892\/Z\/13\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Key points<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>We investigated hair\u2010cell regeneration in the zebrafish lateral line following the application of the ototoxic compound copper.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>In early\u2010larval zebrafish (&lt;10\u00a0days post\u2010fertilisation), regenerated hair cells drive action potentials (APs) in the afferent neurons 24\u00a0h post\u2010copper treatment (24\u00a0hpt).<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Full regeneration of the early\u2010larval neuromasts, the organs containing the hair cells, requires \u223c48\u00a0h due to the progressive addition of hair cells and synaptic refinement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>In older larval zebrafish, regenerated hair cells are active and drive afferent APs by 48\u00a0hpt, which is comparable to larvae, but the functional recovery of their neuromasts requires &gt;120\u00a0hpt.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Afferent terminals within the regenerating neuromast appear to initially contact supporting cells, and their complete ablation prevents the timely reappearance of supporting cells and hair cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>We conclude that the regeneration of zebrafish neuromasts is slower after the initial developmental stages, and that the afferent input plays a key role in driving this process.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hair cells are mechanosensory receptors responsible for transducing auditory and vestibular information into electrical signals, which are then transmitted with remarkable precision to afferent neurons. Different from mammals, the hair cells of lower vertebrates, including those present in the neuromasts of the zebrafish lateral line, regenerate following environmental or chemical insults. Here we investigate the time course of regeneration of hair cells <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> using electrophysiology, two\u2010photon imaging and immunostaining applied to wild\u2010type and genetically encoded fluorescent indicator zebrafish lines. Functional hair cells drive spontaneous action potentials in the posterior lateral line afferent fibres, the frequency of which progressively increases over the first 10\u00a0days post\u2010fertilisation (dpf). Higher firing\u2010rate fibres are only observed from \u223c6\u00a0dpf. Following copper treatment, newly formed hair cells become functional and are able to drive APs in the afferent fibres within 48\u00a0h in both early\u2010larval (\u22648\u00a0dpf) and late\u2010larval (12\u201317\u00a0dpf) zebrafish. However, the complete functional regeneration of the entire neuromast is delayed in late\u2010larval compared to early\u2010larval zebrafish. We propose that while individual regenerating hair cells can rapidly become active, the acquisition of fully functional neuromasts progresses faster at early\u2010larval stages, a time when hair cells are still under development. At both ages, the afferent terminals in the regenerating neuromast appear to make initial contact with supporting cells. The ablation of the lateral line afferent neurons prevents the timely regeneration of supporting cells and hair cells. These findings indicate that the afferent system is likely to facilitate or promote the neuromast regeneration process.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/jp281522","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]],"date-time":"2021-06-18T13:07:11Z","timestamp":1624021631000},"page":"3913-3936","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Functional development and regeneration of hair cells in the zebrafish lateral line"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"599","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1737-9892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine","family":"Hardy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science University of Sheffield  Sheffield UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5803-1166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana 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