{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T09:10:35Z","timestamp":1781601035204,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,5]],"date-time":"2021-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630800000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Key points<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>In newborn rats, L\u2010DOPA increases the occurrence of air\u2010stepping activity without affecting movement characteristics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>L\u2010DOPA administration increases the spinal content of dopamine in a dose\u2010dependent manner.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Injection of 5\u2010HTP increases the spinal serotonin content but does not trigger air\u2010stepping.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>5\u2010HTP counteracts the pro\u2010locomotor action of L\u2010DOPA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Less dopamine and serotonin are synthesized when L\u2010DOPA and 5\u2010HTP are administered as a cocktail.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The catecholamine precursor, L\u20103,4\u2010dihydroxyphenylalanine (L\u2010DOPA), is a well\u2010established pharmacological agent for promoting locomotor action in vertebrates, including triggering air\u2010stepping activities in the neonatal rat. Serotonin is also a well\u2010known neuromodulator of the rodent spinal locomotor networks. Here, using kinematic analysis, we compared locomotor\u2010related activities expressed by newborn rats in response to varying doses of L\u2010DOPA and the serotonin precursor 5\u2010hydroxytryptophan (5\u2010HTP) administered separately or in combination. L\u2010DOPA alone triggered episodes of air\u2010stepping in a dose\u2010dependent manner (25\u2013100\u00a0mg\/kg), notably determining the duration of locomotor episodes, but without affecting step cycle frequency or amplitude. In contrast, 5\u2010HTP (25\u2013150\u00a0mg\/kg) was ineffective in instigating air\u2010stepping, but altered episode durations of L\u2010DOPA\u2010induced air\u2010stepping, and decreased locomotor cycle frequency. High performance liquid chromatography revealed that L\u2010DOPA, which was undetectable in control conditions, accumulated in a dose\u2010dependent manner in the lumbar spinal cord 30\u00a0min after its administration. This was paralleled by an increase in dopamine levels, whereas the spinal content of noradrenaline and serotonin remained unaffected. In the same way, the spinal levels of serotonin increased in parallel with the dose of 5\u2010HTP without affecting the levels of dopamine and noradrenaline. When both precursors are administrated, they counteract each other for the production of serotonin and dopamine. Our data thus indicate for the first time that both L\u2010DOPA and 5\u2010HTP exert opposing neuromodulatory actions on air\u2010stepping behaviour in the developing rat, and we speculate that competition for the production of dopamine and serotonin occurs when they are administered as a cocktail.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/jp281983","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]],"date-time":"2021-08-19T19:18:29Z","timestamp":1629400709000},"page":"4455-4476","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["L\u2010DOPA and 5\u2010HTP modulation of air\u2010stepping in newborn rats"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"599","author":[{"given":"Marie","family":"Boulain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRS, EPHE, INCIA University of Bordeaux  UMR5287 F\u201033000 Bordeaux, 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