{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T09:46:01Z","timestamp":1782553561560,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]],"date-time":"2021-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634083200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Basic Research Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31871079"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31871079"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The frontal eye field (FEF) is a key part of the oculomotor system, with dominant responses to the direction of single saccades. However, whether and how FEF contributes to sequential saccades remain largely unknown. By training rhesus monkeys to perform saccade sequences, we found sequence\u2010related activities in FEF neurons, whose selectivity to saccade direction undergoes dynamic changes during sequential\n                      <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>\n                      . single saccades. These sequence\u2010related activities are context\u2010dependent, exhibiting different firing activities during memory\u2010\n                      <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>\n                      . visually guided sequences. When the monkey was performing the sequential saccade task, the thresholds of microstimulation to evoke saccades in FEF were increased and the percentage of the successfully induced saccades was significantly reduced compared with the fixation condition. Pharmacological inactivation of FEF impaired the monkey's performance of previously learned sequential saccades, with different effects on the same actions depending on its position within the sequence. These results reveal the context\u2010dependent, sequence\u2010specific dynamic encoding of saccades in FEF, and underscore the crucial role of FEF in the planning and execution of sequential saccades.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key points<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>FEF neurons respond differently during sequential vs. single saccades<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Sequence\u2010related FEF activity is context\u2010dependent<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>The microstimulation threshold in FEF was increased during the sequential task but the evoked saccade did not alter the sequence structure<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>FEF inactivation severely impaired the performance of sequential saccades<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/jp282094","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]],"date-time":"2021-09-23T14:55:21Z","timestamp":1632408921000},"page":"5061-5084","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Dynamic encoding of saccade sequences in primate frontal eye field"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"599","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Jia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education) East China Normal University  Shanghai 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