{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:56:13Z","timestamp":1772160973592,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,13]],"date-time":"2022-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652400000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Z01 DC000091"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z01 DC000091"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The descending auditory system modulates the ascending system at every level. The final descending, or efferent, stage comprises lateral olivocochlear and medial olivocochlear (MOC) neurons. MOC somata in the ventral brainstem project axons to the cochlea to synapse onto outer hair cells (OHC), inhibiting OHC\u2010mediated cochlear amplification. MOC suppression of OHC function is implicated in cochlear gain control with changing sound intensity, detection of salient stimuli, attention and protection against acoustic trauma. Thus, sound excites MOC neurons to provide negative feedback of the cochlea. Sound also inhibits MOC neurons via medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) neurons. However, MNTB\u2013MOC synapses exhibit short\u2010term depression, suggesting reduced MNTB\u2013MOC inhibition during sustained stimuli. Further, due to high rates of both baseline and sound\u2010evoked activity in MNTB neurons\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      , MNTB\u2013MOC synapses may be tonically depressed. To probe this, we characterized short\u2010term plasticity of MNTB\u2013MOC synapses in mouse brain slices. We mimicked\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010like temperature and extracellular calcium conditions, and\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010like activity patterns of fast synaptic activation rates, sustained activation and prior tonic activity. Synaptic depression was sensitive to extracellular calcium concentration and temperature. During rapid MNTB axon stimulation, postsynaptic currents in MOC neurons summated but with concurrent depression, resulting in smaller, sustained currents, suggesting tonic inhibition of MOC neurons during rapid circuit activity. Low levels of baseline MNTB activity did not significantly reduce responses to subsequent rapid activity that mimics sound stimulation, indicating that,\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      , MNTB inhibition of MOC neurons persists despite tonic synaptic depression.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key points<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Inhibitory synapses from the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) onto medial olivocochlear (MOC) neurons exhibit short\u2010term plasticity that is sensitive to calcium and temperature, with enhanced synaptic depression occurring at higher calcium concentrations and at room temperature.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>High rates of background synaptic activity that mimic the upper limits of spontaneous MNTB activity cause tonic synaptic depression of MNTB\u2013MOC synapses that limits further synaptic inhibition.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>High rates of activity at MNTB\u2013MOC synapses cause synaptic summation with concurrent depression to yield a response with an initial large amplitude that decays to a tonic inhibition.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/jp282815","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,20]],"date-time":"2022-04-20T12:10:20Z","timestamp":1650456620000},"page":"2747-2763","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Synaptic plasticity of inhibitory synapses onto medial olivocochlear efferent neurons"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"600","author":[{"given":"Lester","family":"Torres Cadenas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section on Neuronal Circuitry National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH  Bethesda MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Collaboration Core National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH  Bethesda MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2595-835X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine J. C.","family":"Weisz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section on Neuronal Circuitry National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders NIH  Bethesda MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.22.10380"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1985.sp015624"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.6788-10.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.12-07-02819.1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1995.sp020974"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0363-18.2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1995.sp021095"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2010.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80441-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(89)90103-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-003-1679-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-013-0400-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903280305"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2008.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1433-17.2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2013.04.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.22797"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.20550"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3702-06.2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1918374"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-16-06147.1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00315454"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Auditory activity in centrifugal and centripetal cochlear fibres in cat. A study of a feedback system","volume":"189","author":"Fex J.","year":"1962","journal-title":"Acta Physiologica Scandinavica Supplementum"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1962.tb02453.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2011.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00248219"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a033530"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-10-03342.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1956.19.5.424"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1903532"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901970409"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(77)90042-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.01.079"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.21554"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00537.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-0757-3_8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-7070-1_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(88)90075-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(90)90111-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1998.249bu.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_42_1","first-page":"201","article-title":"Die centrale Gehorleitung","author":"Held H.","year":"1893","journal-title":"Archiv f\u00fcr Anatomie, Physiologie"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00355.2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP282262"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2003.02870.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1074-03.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2007.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00902.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1993.70.6.2533"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-002-2010-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.01.088"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3889-05.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903140405"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903140406"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903240406"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(88)90105-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(86)90003-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.10490"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5027-12.2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2011.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7414321"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5955(00)00046-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5955(02)00395-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5955(02)00701-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4378-09.2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2008.08.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(76)90052-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01155.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5955(01)00327-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2001.013277"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1988.60.2.549"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1995.74.2.598"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.48637","volume-title":"Histologie du syst\u00e8me nerveux de l'homme & des vert\u00e9br\u00e9s","author":"Ram\u00f3n y Cajal S.","year":"1909"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a005702"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1995.73.2.506"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(84)90042-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(85)90059-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.66396"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/384170a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-0102(02)00174-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(82)90052-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903040305"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1998.79.6.3127"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00229781"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1990.63.5.1169"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2016.06.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1000018"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-24-09162.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4031-15.2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903350309"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00275.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5043-12.2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1288-19.2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0232451"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(93)90156-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01166.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1912234"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1910243"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1987.57.4.1002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(93)90123-I"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(93)90123-I"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncir.2017.00077"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1994.sp020346"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.64.092501.114547"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1113\/JP282815","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1113\/JP282815","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1113\/JP282815","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T19:57:51Z","timestamp":1692734271000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1113\/JP282815"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,13]]},"references-count":103,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1113\/JP282815"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jp282815","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2022.01.05.475100","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0022-3751","1469-7793"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3751","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-7793","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-01-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-04-04","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-05-13","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}