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Elevations in the morbidity and mortality rates of cachectic cancer patients has been linked to respiratory failure due to atrophy and dysfunction of the ventilatory muscles. Despite this, there is a distinct scarcity of research investigating the structural and functional condition of the respiratory musculature in cancer, with the majority of studies exclusively focusing on limb muscle. Treatment strategies are largely ineffective in mitigating the cachectic state. It is now widely accepted that an efficacious intervention will likely combine elements of pharmacology, nutrition and exercise. However, of these approaches, exercise has received comparatively little attention. Therefore, it is unlikely to be implemented optimally, whether in isolation or combination. In consideration of these limitations, the current review describes the mechanistic basis of cancer cachexia and subsequently explores the available respiratory\u2010 and exercise\u2010focused literature within this context. The molecular basis of cachexia is thoroughly reviewed. The pivotal role of inflammatory mediators is described. Unravelling the mechanisms of exercise\u2010induced support of muscle via antioxidant and anti\u2010inflammatory effects in addition to promoting efficient energy metabolism via increased mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial function and muscle glucose uptake provide avenues for interventional studies. Currently available pre\u2010clinical mouse models including novel transgenic animals provide a platform for the development of multi\u2010modal therapeutic strategies to protect respiratory muscles in people with cancer.\n<jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\"><jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/tjp15307-gra-0001-m.png\"><jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text><\/jats:graphic><\/jats:boxed-text><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/jp283569","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]],"date-time":"2022-10-17T16:55:01Z","timestamp":1666025701000},"page":"4979-5004","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Impact of cancer cachexia on respiratory muscle function and the therapeutic potential of exercise"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"600","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9618-1990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ben T.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology School of Medicine College of Medicine and Health University College Cork  Cork Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John J.","family":"Mackrill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology School of Medicine College of Medicine and Health University College Cork  Cork Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8832-1153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ken D.","family":"O'Halloran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology School of Medicine College of Medicine and Health University College Cork  Cork Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1952.sp004755"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.836804"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2617-1619.2018.tb00008.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1977.sp011975"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-8049(97)10090-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9122536"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3829"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevOncog.v17.i3.30"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7573\/dic.212265"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/rnd:19980202"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-10-363"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.md.0000145370.63676.fb"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-9-255"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2011.212845"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11030285"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00716.2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-9007(00)00407-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/982794"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00014.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12108"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","first-page":"878","article-title":"Energy cost of moderate\u2010duration resistance and aerobic exercise","volume":"19","author":"Bloomer R. 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