{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T02:12:47Z","timestamp":1790302367718,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726704000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ERC\u2010StG\u2010GA\u00a0759921"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ERC\u2010StG\u2010GA\u00a0759921"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The brain is essential for processing and integrating sensory signals coming from peripheral tissues. Conversely, the autonomic nervous system regulated by brain centres modulates the immune responses involved in the genesis and progression of cardiovascular diseases. Understanding the pathophysiological bases of this relationship established between the brain and immune system is relevant for advancing therapies. An additional mechanism involved in the regulation of cardiovascular function is provided by the brain\u2010mediated control of the renin\u2013angiotensin system. In both cases, the communication is typically bidirectional and established by afferent and sensory signals collected at the level of peripheral tissues, efferent circuits, as well as of hormones. Understanding how the brain mediates the bidirectional communication and how the immune system participates in this process is object of intense investigation. This review examines key findings that support a role for these interactions in the pathogenesis of major vascular diseases that are characterized by a consistent alteration of the immune response, such as hypertension and atherosclerosis. In addition, we provide a critical appraisal of the translational implications that these discoveries have in the clinical setting where an effective management of neuroimmune and\/or neuroinflammatory state might be beneficial.\n                    <jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\">\n                      <jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/tjp16313-gra-0001-m.png\">\n                        <jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text>\n                      <\/jats:graphic>\n                    <\/jats:boxed-text>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/jp284078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T12:34:32Z","timestamp":1726749272000},"page":"4789-4802","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Neuroimmune modulation for targeting organ damage in hypertension and atherosclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"602","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0421-0721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marialuisa","family":"Perrotta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Neuro and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, IRCCS Neuromed Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine  Pozzilli Italy"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine \u2018Sapienza\u2019 University of Rome  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5016-3161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Carnevale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Neuro and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, IRCCS Neuromed Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine  Pozzilli Italy"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine \u2018Sapienza\u2019 University of Rome  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4526"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2012.05.070"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2017.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1998.773bj.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(01)03093-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(02)00527-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0192-0561(92)90162-E"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2007.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-022-04388-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.113.01743"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-1229(83)90167-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35013070"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-021-03802-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12856"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-022-00678-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.17447"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms13035"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108494"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3674-16.2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000028001.65341.AA"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_2_23_1","first-page":"R544","article-title":"Subfornical organ and cardiovascular influences on identified septal neurons","volume":"254","author":"Donevan S. D.","year":"1988","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0160-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-020-01062-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-021-00668-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-014-0519-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI86950"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.490180108"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.1997.tb01790.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(97)00065-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0590-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-021-02170-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1600-20.2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00125.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20080752"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1902"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00054.2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20070657"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db13-1398"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.05.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2022.03.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP275804"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2208-19.2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41440-023-01287-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2018.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0892-11.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2008213117"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-72008-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.106.109538"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1054-3589(10)58011-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(93)90466-S"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_2_53_1","first-page":"R302","article-title":"Subfornical organ efferents to paraventricular nucleus utilize angiotensin as a neurotransmitter","volume":"265","author":"Li Z.","year":"1993","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00403.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18061216"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.109.191395"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2826.2002.00867.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00350.2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00298.2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2013.268573"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.110.217299"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2021.102926"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.1998.tb02303.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP283217"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_65_1","first-page":"III","article-title":"The sensory circumventricular organs of the mammalian brain","volume":"172","author":"McKinley M. J.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Advances in Anatomy, Embryology, and Cell Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.114.304389"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04673-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.114.301137"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-018-0808-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvy001"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.123.318230"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-122-2-538"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOL.0000000000000223"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.115.306656"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1809798"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1707914"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1209985"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.25.032502.111311"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20130043"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00393.2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00238.2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_83_1","first-page":"21","article-title":"Quantitative localization of angiotensin II receptor subtypes in spontaneously hypertensive rats","volume":"5","author":"Song K.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Blood Pressure Supplement"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.115.306983"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.102152"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-201X.2003.01045.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41440-019-0374-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1838(87)90142-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(00)00320-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2021758118"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.04147"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-021-00555-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2006.04.122"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.118.311916"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2415"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.05112"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.113.01404"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.117.312513"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_99_1","article-title":"Beta\u2010blockers for hypertension","volume":"1","author":"Wiysonge C. S.","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-015-1971-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_101_1","first-page":"117","article-title":"Central TNF\u2010alpha elevates blood pressure and sensitizes to central pressor action of angiotensin II in the infarcted rats","volume":"59","author":"Zera T.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1113\/JP284078","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1113\/JP284078","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1113\/JP284078","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T01:12:47Z","timestamp":1785460367000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1113\/JP284078"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]]},"references-count":100,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1113\/JP284078"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jp284078","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3751","1469-7793"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3751","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-7793","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-05-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-27","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-19","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}