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The pathological cardiorespiratory consequences of OSA have been attributed to systemic oxidative stress, inflammation and sympathetic overflow induced by CIH, but an emerging body of evidence indicates that a nitro\u2010oxidative and pro\u2010inflammatory milieu within the carotid body (CB) is involved in the potentiation of CB chemosensory responses to hypoxia, which contribute to enhance the sympathetic activity. Accordingly, autonomic and cardiovascular alterations induced by CIH are critically dependent on an abnormally heightened CB chemosensory input to the nucleus of tractus solitarius (NTS), where second\u2010order neurons project onto the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), activating pre\u2010sympathetic neurons that control pre\u2010ganglionic sympathetic neurons. CIH produces oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in the NTS and RVLM, which may contribute to the long\u2010term irreversibility of the CIH\u2010induced alterations. This brief review is mainly focused on the contribution of nitro\u2010oxidative stress and pro\u2010inflammatory molecules on the hyperactivation of the hypoxic chemoreflex pathway including the CB and the brainstem centres, and whether the persistence of autonomic and cardiorespiratory alterations may depend on the glial\u2010related neuroinflammation induced by the enhanced CB chemosensory afferent input.\n<jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\"><jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/tjp15569-gra-0001-m.png\"><jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text><\/jats:graphic><\/jats:boxed-text><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/jp284112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,29]],"date-time":"2023-04-29T09:24:44Z","timestamp":1682760284000},"page":"5495-5507","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Carotid body contribution to the physio\u2010pathological consequences of intermittent hypoxia: role of nitro\u2010oxidative stress and inflammation"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"601","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5387-9897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Iturriaga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Neurobiolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile  Santiago Chile"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Fisiolog\u00eda y Medicina de Altura, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad de Antofagasta  Antofagasta Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/phy2.80"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00279.2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1997.83.1.95"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/EP086051"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2016.05.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-012-1089-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.13140"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP283897"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP271684"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00121.2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.155.1.9001336"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-018-0810-1"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_2_16_1","first-page":"R2259","article-title":"Chronic intermittent hypoxia alters NMDA and AMPA\u2010evoked currents in NTS neurons receiving carotid body chemoreceptor inputs","volume":"292","author":"Paula P. 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