{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T06:28:21Z","timestamp":1792477701352,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":301,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]],"date-time":"2023-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694563200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Astrocytes\u00a0are\u00a0increasingly\u00a0recognised\u00a0as partaking in\u00a0complex homeostatic mechanisms critical for regulating neuronal plasticity following central nervous system (CNS) insults. Ischaemic stroke and traumatic brain injury are associated with high rates of disability and mortality. Depending on the context and type of injury, reactive astrocytes respond with diverse morphological, proliferative and functional changes collectively known as astrogliosis, which results in both pathogenic and protective effects. There is a large body of research on the negative consequences of astrogliosis following brain injuries. There is also growing interest in how astrogliosis might in some contexts be protective and help to limit the spread of the injury. However, little is known about how astrocytes contribute to the chronic functional recovery phase following traumatic and ischaemic brain\u00a0insults. In this review, we explore the protective functions of astrocytes in various aspects of secondary brain injury such as oedema, inflammation and blood\u2013brain barrier dysfunction. We also discuss the current knowledge on astrocyte contribution to tissue regeneration, including angiogenesis, neurogenesis, synaptogenesis,\u00a0dendrogenesis and axogenesis. Finally, we discuss diverse astrocyte\u2010related factors that, if selectively targeted, could form the basis of astrocyte\u2010targeted therapeutic strategies to better address currently untreatable CNS disorders.\n<jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\"><jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/tjp15699-gra-0001-m.png\"><jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text><\/jats:graphic><\/jats:boxed-text><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/jp284197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]],"date-time":"2023-09-13T13:33:50Z","timestamp":1694612030000},"page":"3069-3096","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Astrocytes in functional recovery following central nervous system injuries"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"602","author":[{"given":"Qasim M.","family":"Alhadidi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine Stanford University  Stanford CA USA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Al\u2010Yarmok University College  Diyala Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghaith A.","family":"Bahader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Toledo  Toledo OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oiva","family":"Arvola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Anaesthesiology, Jorvi Hospital, Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital  Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Kitchen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health and Life Sciences Aston University  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8977-1618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zahoor A.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Toledo  Toledo OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5683-1706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mootaz M.","family":"Salman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics University of Oxford  Oxford UK"},{"name":"Kavli Institute for NanoScience Discovery University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","first-page":"552","article-title":"Blood GFAP as an emerging biomarker in brain and spinal cord disorders","volume":"21","author":"Abdelhak A.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15041"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202202944"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-cellbio-100913-013053"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11059"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1206936"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature17623"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/y99-076"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-019-01046-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm747"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4384-13.2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2013.10.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-14198-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-009-0483-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4065\/80.10.1326"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200806137"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.14829"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20174108"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/416636a"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20041918"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0914-18.2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4249-08.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2009.241"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.12.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80781-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-01-00183.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2011.1175"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nbdi.2001.0425"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awu101"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2018.00432"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-016-0467-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22675"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2016.05.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhx303"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jcbfm.9600006"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2799"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.911669"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.12781"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2019.103891"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2019.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2020.105153"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.665795"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2004.12.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12776"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23877"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09511"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5780-10.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-cellbio-101512-122326"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2013.12.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20169"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2020.102785"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1404651111"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.11.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathophys.2009.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.13784"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0121541"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.10.JNS17352"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2013.3040"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2009.01.077"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/016164107X204729"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5455\/medarh.2016.70.339-341"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22837"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10112942"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.642710"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-020-00783-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13064-018-0104-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3547-03.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2006.23.371"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.12179"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1190928"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2012.06.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.590008"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bht217"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2020.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2981-04.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/jev.v2i0.20389"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2019.04.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.988283"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410440217"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1110655108"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1419-07.2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1256-12.2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0022135"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0000000000000261"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature18928"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-013-8396-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08673"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35104061"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1709-08.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.6.JNS10207"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1205697109"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.cr2012-0342"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.118.020927"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110599"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhw318"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.2005.B0033"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-5949.2011.00276.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1247\/csf.25.237"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2185"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1996.84.1.0097"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.04.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2011.07211.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.612856"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0603512103"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3639"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.483826"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-012-1336-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(01)01589-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(02)00180-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.23758"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2015.08.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.03.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-56814-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-328X(96)00016-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(03)00017-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2011.04054.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/9310.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1104977108"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-019-0959-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2012.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000252156.65953.a9"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jcbfm.9600546"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jcbfm.9600546"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.05.202"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2008.65"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature17318"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4999"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt336"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2020.08.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2013.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2015.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_136_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1867"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_137_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0B013E31816590C4"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_138_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9040930"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_139_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111137"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_140_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30371-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_141_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-021-00454-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_142_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.346.6206.237"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_143_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.04.170"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_144_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2007.07.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_145_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2013.00275"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_146_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2016.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_147_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/72256"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_148_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2021.183853"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_149_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1389450111314110009"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_150_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aap8957"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_151_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2014.02.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_152_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5384-11.2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_153_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aax7171"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_154_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2017.5421"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_155_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms16059949"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_156_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms16059949"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_157_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20030571"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_158_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13041-015-0116-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_159_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12602"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_160_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.28.051804.101459"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_161_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23308"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_162_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/08977150260338047"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_163_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl165"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_164_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-199708000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_165_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40779-020-00259-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_166_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-016-0479-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_167_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.107861"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_168_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.107975"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_169_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/RNN-140420"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_170_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0000000000000539"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_171_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2019.00528"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_172_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb2843"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_173_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4323-06.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_174_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep37152"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_175_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1425"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_176_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.04-1711fje"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_177_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1204386109"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_178_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.06.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_179_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20699"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_180_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-019-0126-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_181_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00041.2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_182_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-015-1513-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_183_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-1136(199804)22:4<390::AID-GLIA8>3.0.CO;2-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_184_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.885707"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_185_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.712627"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_186_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2401-14.2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_187_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-012-1233-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_188_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3333"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_189_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-010-0234-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_190_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-61779-452-0_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_191_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/RNN-190978"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_192_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X16655551"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_193_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2013.30"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_194_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(97)01139-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_195_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199512290-00032"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_196_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3622"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_197_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2978"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_198_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22964"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_199_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2007.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_200_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2008.99"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_201_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2023.05.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_202_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq367"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_203_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab311"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_204_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-021-00514-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_205_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2017.00386"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_206_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2021.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_207_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2020.00174"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_208_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.03.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_209_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-018-1210-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_210_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2013.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_211_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2021.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_212_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2015.11.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_213_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.117.020365"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_214_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20187"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_215_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.623280"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_216_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-011-0626-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_217_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1326"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_218_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1390"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_219_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2009.1021"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_220_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-012-0149-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_221_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.108.522409"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_222_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2016.12.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_223_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154596830101500305"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_2_224_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a020420","article-title":"Astrogliosis","volume":"7","author":"Sofroniew M. V.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Astrogliosis Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_2_225_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a020420","article-title":"Astrogliosis","volume":"7","author":"Sofroniew M. V.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_226_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/417039a"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_227_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jcbfm.9600534"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_228_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2009.03.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_229_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1103833108"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_230_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22383"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_231_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2005.103.4.0707"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_232_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23231"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_233_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(07)70031-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_234_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.2000.279.6.C1710"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_235_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms4338"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_236_1","first-page":"155","article-title":"D\u2010serine increases adult hippocampal neurogenesis","volume":"7","author":"Sultan S.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neuroscience"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_237_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.10.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_238_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2003.98.3.0565"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_239_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200317977"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_240_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2021.183573"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_241_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2657-12.2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_242_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1638-09.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_243_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2022.1022754"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_244_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2009.271"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_245_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-017-0757-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_246_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20013078.2018.1535750"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_247_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5414\/NP301102"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_248_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matbio.2009.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_249_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2120-04.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_250_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2010.1443"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_251_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-8-143"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_252_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5294"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_253_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.646224"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_254_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2019.6586"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_255_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0963689718791568"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_256_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-021-03256-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_257_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858414547132"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_258_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00042.2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_259_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2015.03.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_260_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858413510208"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_261_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12537"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_262_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000757"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_263_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.107834"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_264_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1253050"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_2_265_1","first-page":"1487","article-title":"Bumetanide protects focal cerebral ischemia\u2010reperfusion injury in rat","volume":"7","author":"Wang G.","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_266_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2014.04.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_267_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0038932"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_268_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0110024"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_269_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2121-13.2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_270_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2006.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_271_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0169792"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_272_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_273_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-020-00870-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_274_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-019-00771-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_275_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2018.05.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_276_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0068891"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_277_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-014-8730-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_278_1","first-page":"298","article-title":"Angiogenesis, neurogenesis and brain recovery of function following injury","volume":"11","author":"Xiong Y.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Investigational Drugs"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_279_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-016-9819-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_280_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.182700"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_281_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jcbfm.9600375"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_282_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-61779-185-7_24"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_283_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2014.3675"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_284_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12519-014-0519-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_285_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-61779-452-0_21"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_286_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-021-02841-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_287_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2009.181"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_288_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/traumamon.25113"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_289_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.6221-11.2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_290_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-5949.2012.00308.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_291_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S174037"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_292_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X16674487"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_293_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2010.134"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_294_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2018.02.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_295_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.07.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_296_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI9369"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_297_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1387"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_298_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.20649"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_299_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.13123"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_300_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keu421"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_301_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1310\/tsr1605-309"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_302_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2014.04.040"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1113\/JP284197","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T09:14:27Z","timestamp":1719825267000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1113\/JP284197"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]]},"references-count":301,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1113\/JP284197"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jp284197","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3751","1469-7793"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3751","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-7793","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-05-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-08-07","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-09-13","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}