{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T13:29:11Z","timestamp":1790342951125,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]],"date-time":"2023-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a genetic muscle\u2010wasting disorder characterized by progressive muscle weakness and easy fatigability. Here we examined whether high\u2010intensity interval training (HIIT) in the form of isometric contraction improves fatigue resistance in skeletal muscle from dystrophin\u2010deficient <jats:italic>mdx52<\/jats:italic>\u00a0mice. Isometric HIIT was performed on plantar flexor muscles <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> with supramaximal electrical stimulation every other day for 4\u00a0weeks (a total of 15\u00a0sessions). In the non\u2010trained contralateral gastrocnemius muscle from <jats:italic>mdx52<\/jats:italic> mice, the decreased fatigue resistance was associated with a reduction in the amount of peroxisome proliferator\u2010activated receptor \u03b3 coactivator 1\u2010\u03b1, citrate synthase activity, mitochondrial respiratory complex II, LC3B\u2010II\/I ratio, and mitophagy\u2010related gene expression (i.e. <jats:italic>Pink1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>parkin<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Bnip3<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Bcl2l13<\/jats:italic>) as well as an increase in the phosphorylation levels of Src Tyr416 and Akt Ser473, the amount of p62, and the percentage of Evans Blue dye\u2010positive area. Isometric HIIT restored all these alterations and markedly improved fatigue resistance in <jats:italic>mdx52<\/jats:italic>\u00a0muscles. Moreover, an acute bout of HIIT increased the phosphorylation levels of AMP\u2010activated protein kinase (AMPK) Thr172, acetyl CoA carboxylase Ser79, unc\u201051\u2010like autophagy activating kinase 1 (Ulk1) Ser555, and dynamin\u2010related protein 1 (Drp1) Ser616 in <jats:italic>mdx52<\/jats:italic>\u00a0muscles. Thus, our data show that HIIT with isometric contractions significantly mitigates histological signs of pathology and improves fatigue resistance in dystrophin\u2010deficient muscles. These beneficial effects can be explained by the restoration of mitochondrial function via AMPK\u2010dependent induction of the mitophagy programme and <jats:italic>de novo<\/jats:italic> mitochondrial biogenesis.\n<jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\"><jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/tjp15607-gra-0001-m.png\"><jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text><\/jats:graphic><\/jats:boxed-text><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key points<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Skeletal muscle fatigue is often associated with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and leads to an inability to perform daily tasks, profoundly decreasing quality of life.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>We examined the effect of high\u2010intensity interval training (HIIT) in the form of isometric contraction on fatigue resistance in skeletal muscle from the <jats:italic>mdx52<\/jats:italic>\u00a0mouse model of DMD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Isometric HIIT counteracted the reduced fatigue resistance as well as dystrophic changes in skeletal muscle of <jats:italic>mdx52<\/jats:italic>\u00a0mice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>This beneficial effect could be explained by the restoration of mitochondrial function via AMP\u2010activated protein kinase\u2010dependent mitochondrial biogenesis and the induction of the mitophagy programme in the dystrophic muscles.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/jp284532","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,15]],"date-time":"2023-05-15T13:36:22Z","timestamp":1684157782000},"page":"2917-2933","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["High\u2010intensity interval training in the form of isometric contraction improves fatigue resistance in dystrophin\u2010deficient muscle"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"601","author":[{"given":"Nao","family":"Yamauchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Health Sciences Sapporo Medical University  Sapporo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katsuyuki","family":"Tamai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Health Sciences Sapporo Medical University  Sapporo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iori","family":"Kimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Health Sciences Sapporo Medical University  Sapporo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azuma","family":"Naito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Health Sciences Sapporo Medical University  Sapporo 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