{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T02:17:21Z","timestamp":1790561841432,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":186,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]],"date-time":"2024-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]],"date-time":"2024-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727222400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Smooth muscle organs of the lower urinary tract comprise the bladder detrusor and urethral wall, which have a reciprocal contractile relationship during urine storage and micturition. As the bladder fills with urine, detrusor smooth muscle cells (DSMCs) remain relaxed to accommodate increases in intravesical pressure while urethral smooth muscle cells (USMCs) sustain tone to occlude the urethral orifice, preventing leakage. While neither organ displays coordinated regular contractions as occurs in small intestine, lymphatics or renal pelvis, they do exhibit patterns of rhythmicity at cellular and tissue levels. In rabbit and guinea\u2010pig urethra, electrical slow waves are recorded from USMCs. This activity is linked to cells expressing vimentin, c\u2010kit and Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010activated Cl\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    channels, like interstitial cells of Cajal in the gastrointestinal tract. In mouse, USMCs are rhythmically active (firing propagating Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    waves linked to contraction), and this cellular rhythmicity is asynchronous across tissues and summates to form tone. Experiments in mice have failed to demonstrate a voltage\u2010dependent mechanism for regulating this rhythmicity or contractions\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    , suggesting that urethral tone results from an intrinsic ability of USMCs to \u2018pace\u2019 their own Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    mobilization pathways required for contraction. DSMCs exhibit spontaneous transient contractions, increases in intracellular Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and action potentials. Consistent across numerous species, including humans, this activity relies on voltage\u2010dependent Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    influx in DSMCs. While interstitial cells are present in the bladder, they do not \u2018pace\u2019 the organ in an excitatory manner. Instead, specialized cells (PDGFR\u03b1\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    interstitial cells) may \u2018negatively pace\u2019 DSMCs to prevent bladder overexcitability.\n                    <jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\">\n                      <jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/tjp16328-gra-0001-m.png\">\n                        <jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text>\n                      <\/jats:graphic>\n                    <\/jats:boxed-text>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/jp284744","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]],"date-time":"2024-09-26T01:13:57Z","timestamp":1727313237000},"page":"3611-3632","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Cells and ionic conductances contributing to spontaneous activity in bladder and urethral smooth muscle"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"604","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4762-844X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernard T.","family":"Drumm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Smooth Muscle Research Centre, Department of Life &amp; Health Science Dundalk Institute of Technology  Dundalk Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3901-8485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neha","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smooth Muscle Research Centre, Department of Life &amp; Health Science Dundalk Institute of Technology  Dundalk Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandru","family":"Mircea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smooth Muscle Research Centre, Department of Life &amp; Health Science Dundalk Institute of Technology  Dundalk Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caoimhin S.","family":"Griffin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smooth Muscle Research Centre, Department of Life &amp; Health Science Dundalk Institute of Technology  Dundalk Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0075875"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00615.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(99)00182-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00013.2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12210"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.56.4.4"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00038.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/003655901750174854"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.22465"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.21108"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2042.2008.02052.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1976.tb06651.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2013.264747"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceca.2021.102472"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.64099"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0106190"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2012.01975.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1411526"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(97)00591-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-445X.1999.tb00084.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2005.097311"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2006.110932"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.09.075"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)35451-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.16366"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0704499"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.21.12008"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1987.sp016767"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0160-5402(91)90041-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1142342"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/003655901750174872"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2040-4603.2015.tb00596.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-79090-7_4"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_2_35_1","first-page":"S13","article-title":"Why do women have stress urinary incontinence?","volume":"29","author":"Delancey J. 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