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To facilitate the movement of urine boluses throughout the upper urinary tract, smooth muscle cells that line the renal pelvis contract in a coordinated effort to form peristaltic waves. Resident pacemaker cells in the renal pelvis are critical to this process and spontaneously evoke transient depolarizations that initiate each peristaltic wave and establish rhythmic contractions. Renal pacemakers have been termed atypical smooth muscle cells due to their low expression of smooth muscle myosin and poor organization of myofilaments compared to typical (or contractile) smooth muscle cells that perform peristalsis. Recent findings discovered that pacemaker cells also express the tyrosine kinase receptor PDGFR\u03b1, enabling their identification and purification amongst other renal pelvis cell types. Improved identification methods have determined that the calcium\u2010activated chloride channel, ANO1, is expressed by pacemaker cells and may contribute to spontaneous depolarization. A greater understanding of pacemaker and peristaltic mechanisms is warranted since aberrant contractile function may underlie diseases such as hydronephrosis, a deleterious condition that can cause significant and irreversible nephron injury.\n                    <jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\">\n                      <jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/tjp15892-gra-0001-m.png\">\n                        <jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text>\n                      <\/jats:graphic>\n                    <\/jats:boxed-text>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/jp284754","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,5]],"date-time":"2024-01-05T11:33:31Z","timestamp":1704454411000},"page":"3633-3644","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Identifying peristaltic pacemaker cells in the upper urinary tract"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"604","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3954-7041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathan","family":"Grainger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Cell Biology University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine Reno Nevada USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.202213217"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.64099"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-013-1357-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","first-page":"585","article-title":"Pathophysiology of obstructive nephropathy in the newborn","volume":"18","author":"Chevalier R. 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