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During inter\u2010ejaculation phases, the epididymis, seminal vesicles and prostate undergo spontaneous phasic contractions (SPCs), this transporting and maintaining the quality of sperm and seminal plasma. Recent studies have revealed platelet\u2010derived growth factor receptor \u03b1\u2010expressing (PDGFR\u03b1\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) subepithelial interstitial cells in seminal vesicles subserve the role of pacemaker cells that electrically drive SPCs in this organ. PDGFR\u03b1\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    smooth muscle cells in the epididymis also appear to function as pacemaker cells implicating PDGFR\u03b1 as a potential signature molecule in MRT pacemaking. The dominant mechanism driving pacemaking in these organs is the cytosolic Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    oscillator. This operates through entrainment of the release\u2010refill cycle of Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    stores, the released Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ions opening Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010activated chloride channels, including in some cases ANO1 (TMEM16A), with the resultant pacemaker potential activating L\u2010type voltage\u2010dependent Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    channels in the smooth muscle causing contraction (viz. SPCs). A second pacemaker mechanism, namely the membrane oscillator also has a role in specific cases. Further investigations into the commonality and heterogeneity of MRT pacemakers will open an avenue for understanding the pathogenesis of male infertility associated with deterioration of seminal plasma.\n                    <jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\">\n                      <jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/tjp16038-gra-0001-m.png\">\n                        <jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text>\n                      <\/jats:graphic>\n                    <\/jats:boxed-text>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/jp284756","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]],"date-time":"2024-04-12T09:14:09Z","timestamp":1712913249000},"page":"3645-3660","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Commonality and heterogeneity of pacemaker mechanisms in the male reproductive organs"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"604","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3877-4349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hikaru","family":"Hashitani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Nagoya City University  Nagoya Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6476-9407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mitsue","family":"Takeya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Integrated Autonomic Function, Department of Physiology Kurume University School of Medicine  Kurume Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dirk F.","family":"van Helden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing &amp; Hunter Medical Research Institute The University of Newcastle  Callaghan New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","first-page":"81","article-title":"Observations on the structure and autonomic innervation of the guinea\u2010pig seminal vesicle and ductus deferens","volume":"120","author":"Al\u2010Zuhair A.","year":"1975","journal-title":"Journal of Anatomy"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14421\/icse.v1.262"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12154"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.1992.tb02636.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2005.09.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00496704"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00331243"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_9_1","first-page":"173","article-title":"Recherches anatomiques, cytologiques et histophysiologiques sur les voies excr\u00e9trices du testicule chez les mammif\u00e8res","volume":"5","author":"Benoit J.","year":"1926","journal-title":"Archives Anatomia Histologia Embryologia (Strasb)"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/312315a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/phrs.2000.0712"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.12546"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP273618"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/pcan.2008.19"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)41542-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00214.2019"},{"issue":"19","key":"e_1_2_2_17_1","article-title":"Functional roles for PIEZO1 and PIEZO2 in urothelial mechanotransduction and lower urinary tract interoception","volume":"6","author":"Dalghi M. 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