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The molecular mechanism directing circadian rhythms is the circadian clock, which is composed of an interactive network of transcription\u2013translation feedback loops. The core clock genes include <jats:italic>Bmal1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Clock<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Rev\u2010erb\u03b1\/\u03b2<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Per<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Cry<\/jats:italic>. In addition to keeping time, the core clock regulates a daily programme of gene expression that is important for overall cell homeostasis. The circadian clock mechanism is present in all cells, including skeletal muscle fibres, and disruption of the muscle clock is associated with changes in muscle phenotype and function. Skeletal muscle atrophy is largely associated with a lower quality of life, frailty and reduced lifespan. Physiological and genetic modification of the core clock mechanism yields immune dysfunction, alters inflammatory factor expression and secretion and is associated with skeletal muscle atrophy in multiple conditions, such as ageing and cancer cachexia. Here, we summarize the possible interplay between the circadian clock modulation of immune cells, systemic inflammatory status and skeletal muscle atrophy in chronic inflammatory conditions. Although there is a clear disruption of circadian clocks in various models of atrophy, the mechanism behind such alterations remains unknown. Understanding the modulatory potential of muscle and immune circadian clocks in inflammation and skeletal muscle health is essential for the development of therapeutic strategies to protect skeletal muscle mass and function of patients with chronic inflammation.\n<jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\"><jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/tjp15675-gra-0001-m.png\"><jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text><\/jats:graphic><\/jats:boxed-text><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/jp284808","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,11]],"date-time":"2023-08-11T05:36:51Z","timestamp":1691732211000},"page":"6587-6607","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Inflammation o'clock: interactions of circadian rhythms with inflammation\u2010induced skeletal muscle atrophy"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"602","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5019-2125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francielly","family":"Morena da Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cachexia Research Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5791-1441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karyn A.","family":"Esser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Ageing, College of Medicine University of Florida Gainesville FL USA"},{"name":"Myology Institute University of Florida Gainesville FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2783-7137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin A.","family":"Murach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Muscle Mass Regulation Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9621-2005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas P.","family":"Greene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cachexia Research Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2017.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb.2667"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2020.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-70178-3_9"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1014523107"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2018.10.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gde.2008.07.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3829"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1016-8478(23)17421-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13040850"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00716.2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2016.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2014.08.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-020-00780-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-cancerbio-030419-033642"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00061.2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1101-1014"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00039.2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0022538"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12354"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12232"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09637486.2018.1557607"},{"issue":"217","key":"e_1_2_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-25950-0_1","article-title":"Molecular components of the Mammalian circadian clock","author":"Buhr E. 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