{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T10:55:13Z","timestamp":1787655313566,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,20]],"date-time":"2023-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703030400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Premature birth impairs cardiac and ventilatory responses to both hypoxia and hypercapnia, but little is known about cerebrovascular responses. Both at sea level and after 2\u00a0days at high altitude (3375\u00a0m), 16 young preterm\u2010born (gestational age, 29 \u00b1 1\u00a0weeks) and 15 age\u2010matched term\u2010born (40 \u00b1 0\u00a0weeks) adults were exposed to two consecutive 4\u00a0min bouts of hyperoxic hypercapnic conditions (3% CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u201397% O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>; 6% CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u201394% O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>), followed by two periods of voluntary hyperventilation\u2010induced hypocapnia. We measured middle cerebral artery blood velocity, end\u2010tidal CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, pulmonary ventilation, beat\u2010by\u2010beat mean arterial pressure and arterialized capillary blood gases. Baseline middle cerebral artery blood velocity increased at high altitude compared with sea level in term\u2010born (+24 \u00b1 39%, <jats:italic>P\u00a0=<\/jats:italic>\u00a00.036), but not in preterm\u2010born (\u22124 \u00b1 27%, <jats:italic>P\u00a0=<\/jats:italic>\u00a00.278) adults. The end\u2010tidal CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, pulmonary ventilation and mean arterial pressure were similar between groups at sea level and high altitude. Hypocapnic cerebrovascular reactivity was higher at high altitude compared with sea level in term\u2010born adults (+173 \u00b1 326%, <jats:italic>P\u00a0=<\/jats:italic>\u00a00.026) but not in preterm\u2010born adults (\u221221 \u00b1 107%, <jats:italic>P\u00a0=<\/jats:italic>\u00a00.572). Hypercapnic reactivity was altered at altitude only in preterm\u2010born adults (+125 \u00b1 144%, <jats:italic>P\u00a0&lt;<\/jats:italic>\u00a00.001). Collectively, at high altitude, term\u2010born participants showed higher hypocapnic (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.012) and lower hypercapnic (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.020) CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> reactivity compared with their preterm\u2010born peers. In conclusion, exposure to high altitude revealed different cerebrovascular responses in preterm\u2010 compared with term\u2010born adults, despite similar ventilatory responses. These findings suggest a blunted cerebrovascular response at high altitude in preterm\u2010born adults, which might predispose these individuals to an increased risk of high\u2010altitude illnesses.\n<jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\"><jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/tjp15871-gra-0001-m.png\"><jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text><\/jats:graphic><\/jats:boxed-text><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key points<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Cerebral haemodynamics and cerebrovascular reactivity in normoxia are known to be similar between term\u2010born and prematurely born adults.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>In contrast, acute exposure to high altitude unveiled different cerebrovascular responses to hypoxia, hypercapnia and hypocapnia. In particular, cerebral vasodilatation was impaired in prematurely born adults, leading to an exaggerated cerebral vasoconstriction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Cardiovascular and ventilatory responses to both hypo\u2010 and hypercapnia at sea level and at high altitude were similar between control subjects and prematurely born adults. Other mechanisms might therefore underlie the observed blunted cerebral vasodilatory responses in preterm\u2010born adults at high altitude.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/jp285048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,20]],"date-time":"2023-12-20T12:33:59Z","timestamp":1703075639000},"page":"5801-5815","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Impaired cerebrovascular CO<sub>2<\/sub> reactivity at high altitude in prematurely born adults"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"602","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9529-4977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giorgio","family":"Manferdelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sport Sciences University of Lausanne  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7812-5626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin J.","family":"Narang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Automatics, Biocybernetics and Robotics Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute  Ljubljana Slovenia"},{"name":"Faculty of Sport University of Ljubljana  Ljubljana Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6791-2002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Bourdillon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sport Sciences University of Lausanne  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guido","family":"Giardini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mountain Medicine and Neurology Centre Valle D'Aosta Regional Hospital  Aosta Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7053-3978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tadej","family":"Debevec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Automatics, Biocybernetics and Robotics Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute  Ljubljana Slovenia"},{"name":"Faculty of Sport University of Ljubljana  Ljubljana Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8081-4423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gr\u00e9goire P.","family":"Millet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sport Sciences University of Lausanne  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.14372"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.146.1MA4.327"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00911.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.91008.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00463.2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00926.2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2019-0031"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10061166"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1311092"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00995.2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4755-10-S1-S2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00487.2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP271884"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/EP089446"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/EP089982"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2019.1327"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.120.033797"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00437"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP281848"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.734082"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-021-01010-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","first-page":"394","article-title":"AltitudeOmics: Resetting of cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity following acclimatization to high altitude","volume":"6","author":"Fan J. 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