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Over the past five decades, information from animal and human studies has laid bare the complex network of neurones in the brainstem, cortex and cerebellum that are responsible for orchestrating each normal swallow. Amidst this complexity, problems can and often do occur that result in dysphagia, defined as impaired or disordered swallowing. Dysphagia is common, arising from multiple varied disease processes that can affect any of the neuromuscular structures involved in swallowing. Post\u2010stroke dysphagia (PSD) remains the most prevalent and most commonly studied form of dysphagia and, as such, provides an important disease model to assess dysphagia physiology and pathophysiology. In this review, we explore the complex neuroanatomical processes that occur during normal swallowing and PSD. This includes how strokes cause dysphagia, the mechanisms through which natural neuroplastic recovery occurs, current treatments for patients with persistent dysphagia and emerging neuromodulatory treatments.\n                    <jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\">\n                      <jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/tjp16001-gra-0001-m.png\">\n                        <jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text>\n                      <\/jats:graphic>\n                    <\/jats:boxed-text>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/jp285564","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]],"date-time":"2024-03-22T09:58:52Z","timestamp":1711101532000},"page":"617-634","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["The neurorehabilitation of post\u2010stroke dysphagia: Physiology and pathophysiology"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"603","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2050-0726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayodele","family":"Sasegbon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Centre for Gastrointestinal Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health Salford Royal Foundation Trust University of Manchester  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivy","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Centre for Gastrointestinal Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health Salford Royal Foundation Trust University of Manchester  Manchester UK"},{"name":"Academic Unit of Human Communication, Learning, and Development, Faculty of Education The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong China"},{"name":"Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis University of M\u00fcnster  M\u00fcnster Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9640-7427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaheen","family":"Hamdy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Centre for Gastrointestinal Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health Salford Royal Foundation Trust University of Manchester  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jon.12362"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0148424"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(97)70079-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-5597(94)00297-R"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","first-page":"420","article-title":"Prevalence of dysphagia and risk of pneumonia and mortality in acute stroke patients: a meta\u2010analysis","volume":"22","author":"Banda K. 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