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Explosive strength, i.e. the ability to develop the highest force in the shortest possible time, to maximise rate of force development (RFD), is a fundamental neuromuscular capability, often more functionally relevant than maximal muscle strength. In the present review, we discuss data from studies that looked at the effect of muscle unloading on isometric maximal\n                    <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic>\n                    explosive strength. We present evidence that muscle unloading yields a greater decline in explosive relative to maximal strength. The longer the unloading duration, the smaller the difference between the decline in the two measures. Potential mechanisms that may explain the greater decline in measures of RFD relative to\n                    <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\n                    after unloading are higher recruitment thresholds and lower firing rates of motor units, slower twitch kinetics, impaired excitation\u2010contraction coupling, and decreased tendon stiffness. Using a Hill\u2010type force model, we showed that this ensemble of adaptations minimises the loss of force production at submaximal contraction intensities, at the expense of a disproportionately lower RFD. With regard to the high functional relevance of RFD on one hand, and the boosted detrimental effects of inactivity on RFD on the other hand, it seems crucial to implement specific exercises targeting explosive strength in populations that experience muscle disuse over a longer time.\n                    <jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\">\n                      <jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/tjp16387-gra-0001-m.png\">\n                        <jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text>\n                      <\/jats:graphic>\n                    <\/jats:boxed-text>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/jp285667","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]],"date-time":"2024-10-28T14:29:03Z","timestamp":1730125743000},"page":"735-760","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Neuromuscular mechanisms for the fast decline in rate of force development with muscle disuse \u2013 a narrative review"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"604","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1914-9625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Ruggiero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Performance Research Centre, Department of Sports Science University of Konstanz  Konstanz Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0233-3912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markus","family":"Gruber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Performance Research Centre, Department of Sports Science University of Konstanz  Konstanz Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2018.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00283.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00346.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.15765"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1995.0024"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3357\/AMHP.4383.2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-004-1172-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1999.86.1.85"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-010-2474-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(02)02979-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00264.2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-020-04458-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0709212105"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1998.84.1.157"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.653060"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP281093"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1991.70.4.1882"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00075197-200301000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.14528"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01305.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00132.2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2020-0516"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.23322"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2013.075614"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32098\/mltj.03.2017.05"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10522-013-9427-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-019-01088-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2023.101909"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002196"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01402.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01404.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_33_1","first-page":"92","article-title":"Artificial gravity as a countermeasure for mitigating physiological deconditioning during long\u2010duration space missions","volume":"9","author":"Clement G. 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