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Prolonged BR leads to significant deconditioning of postural balance control, characterized by increased sway path lengths, sway velocity and fall risk, independent of muscle strength. These changes are linked to neural adaptations at spinal and supraspinal levels, including structural and functional brain changes, such as alterations in grey and white matter, increased cerebellar activation, reduced spinal excitability and increased latencies within reflex circuitries. Additionally, BR disrupts sensory integration from proprioceptive, visual and vestibular systems, impairing postural stability. Visual reliance remains stable during BR, though decreased visual acuity and contrast sensitivity are noted. Moreover, BR\u2010induced shifts in cerebrospinal fluid contribute to altered brain activity, impacting sensorimotor function. Vestibular system adaptations, including changes in vestibulospinal reflexes, further exacerbate balance impairments. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing interventions to mitigate the adverse effects of BR on postural control and prevent prolonged recovery times or increased risk of injury. This review highlights the need for further research into the neural underpinnings of BR\u2010induced postural instability, with a focus on sensory integration and neuroplasticity.\n                    <jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\">\n                      <jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/tjp16641-gra-0001-m.png\">\n                        <jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text>\n                      <\/jats:graphic>\n                    <\/jats:boxed-text>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/jp285668","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T08:19:06Z","timestamp":1744791546000},"page":"761-782","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Neuromotor changes in postural control following bed rest"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"604","author":[{"given":"Ramona","family":"Ritzmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport and Sport Science University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany"},{"name":"Innovation Translation Center AO Foundation Davos Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6839-4438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"Centner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport and Sport Science University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3215-1319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luke","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health &amp; Life Sciences Northumbria University Newcastle UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2931-2350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janice","family":"Waldvogel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport and Sport Science University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7420-2137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Uros","family":"Marusic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Kinesiology Research Science and Research Centre Koper Koper Slovenia"},{"name":"Department of Health Sciences Alma Mater Europaea University Maribor Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.1008508"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.638669"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0094-5765(81)90074-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.07.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","first-page":"60","article-title":"Effects of five days of bed rest with intermittent centrifugation on neurovestibular function","volume":"15","author":"Cl\u00e9ment G.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Musculoskeletal & Neuronal Interactions"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00180.2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.862793"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e318164f4b6"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncir.2022.815838"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_2_11_1","first-page":"1581","article-title":"Bed rest induces neural and contractile adaptations in triceps surae","volume":"27","author":"Duchateau J.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_12_1","first-page":"1004","article-title":"Balance and gait analysis after 30 days \u20106 degrees bed rest: Influence of lower\u2010body negative\u2010pressure sessions","volume":"63","author":"Dupui P.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Aviation Space and Environmental Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1134\/S0362119723600224"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/RNS.2011.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1974.36.3.323"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_16_1","first-page":"168","article-title":"[Effect of head\u2010down bed rest on human EEG]","volume":"14","author":"Han D. 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