{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:17:34Z","timestamp":1790813854824,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Passive whole\u2010body hyperthermia increases limb blood flow and cardiac output (), but the interplay between peripheral and central thermo\u2010haemodynamic mechanisms remains unclear. Here we tested the hypothesis that local hyperthermia\u2010induced alterations in peripheral blood flow and blood kinetic energy modulate flow to the heart and . Body temperatures, regional (leg, arm, head) and systemic haemodynamics, and left ventricular (LV) volumes and functions were assessed in eight healthy males during: (1) 3\u00a0h control (normothermic condition); (2) 3\u00a0h of single\u2010leg heating; (3) 3\u00a0h of two\u2010leg heating; and (4) 2.5\u00a0h of whole\u2010body heating. Leg, forearm, and extracranial blood flow increased in close association with local rises in temperature while brain perfusion remained unchanged. Increases in blood velocity with small to no changes in the conduit artery diameter underpinned the augmented limb and extracranial perfusion. In all heating conditions,  increased in association with proportional elevations in systemic vascular conductance, related to enhanced blood flow, blood velocity, vascular conductance and kinetic energy in the limbs and head (all <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0\u2265\u00a00.803; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), but not in the brain. LV systolic (end\u2010systolic elastance and twist) and diastolic functional profiles (untwisting rate), pulmonary ventilation and systemic aerobic metabolism were only altered in whole\u2010body heating. These findings substantiate the idea that local hyperthermia\u2010induced selective alterations in peripheral blood flow modulate the magnitude of flow to the heart and  through changes in blood velocity and kinetic energy. Localised heat\u2010activated events in the peripheral circulation therefore affect the human heart's output.\n<jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\"><jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/tjp16064-gra-0001-m.png\"><jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text><\/jats:graphic><\/jats:boxed-text><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key points<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Local and whole\u2010body hyperthermia increases limb and systemic perfusion, but the underlying peripheral and central heat\u2010sensitive mechanisms are not fully established.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Here we investigated the regional (leg, arm and head) and systemic haemodynamics (cardiac output: ) during passive single\u2010leg, two\u2010leg and whole\u2010body hyperthermia to determine the contribution of peripheral and central thermosensitive factors in the control of human circulation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Single\u2010leg, two\u2010leg, and whole\u2010body hyperthermia induced graded increases in leg blood flow and . Brain blood flow, however, remained unchanged in all conditions. Ventilation, extracranial blood flow and cardiac systolic and diastolic functions only increased during whole\u2010body hyperthermia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The augmented  with hyperthermia was tightly related to increased limb and head blood velocity, flow and kinetic energy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The findings indicate that local thermosensitive mechanisms modulate regional blood velocity, flow and kinetic energy, thereby controlling the magnitude of flow to the heart and thus the coupling of peripheral and central circulation during hyperthermia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/jp285760","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T08:00:07Z","timestamp":1714550407000},"page":"2227-2251","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Heat\u2010related changes in the velocity and kinetic energy of flowing blood influence the human heart's output during hyperthermia"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"602","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3778-182X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazuhito","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Department of Life Sciences Brunel University London  Uxbridge UK"},{"name":"Faculty of Education and Human Studies Akita University  Akita Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0580-7642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno","family":"Koch Esteves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Department of Life Sciences Brunel University London  Uxbridge UK"},{"name":"Research Centre University College of Osteopathy  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver 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