{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T15:39:47Z","timestamp":1789141187923,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]],"date-time":"2024-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708387200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Viscerosensory information travels to the brain via vagal afferents, where it is first integrated within the brainstem nucleus tractus solitarii (nTS), a critical contributor to cardiorespiratory function and site of neuroplasticity. We have shown that decreasing input to the nTS via unilateral vagus nerve transection (vagotomy) induces morphological changes in nTS glia and reduces sighs during hypoxia. The mechanisms behind post\u2010vagotomy changes are not well understood. We hypothesized that chronic vagotomy alters cardiorespiratory responses to vagal afferent stimulation via blunted nTS neuronal activity. Male Sprague\u2013Dawley rats (6\u00a0weeks old) underwent right cervical vagotomy caudal to the nodose ganglion, or sham surgery. After 1\u00a0week, rats were anaesthetized, ventilated and instrumented to measure mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and splanchnic sympathetic and phrenic nerve activity (SSNA and PhrNA, respectively). Vagal afferent stimulation (2\u201350\u00a0Hz) decreased cardiorespiratory parameters and increased neuronal Ca\n                      <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                      measured by\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      photometry and\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      slice imaging of nTS GCaMP8m. Vagotomy attenuated both these reflex and neuronal Ca\n                      <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                      responses compared to shams. Vagotomy also reduced presynaptic Ca\n                      <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                      responses to stimulation (Cal\u2010520 imaging) in the nTS slice. The decrease in HR, SSNA and PhrNA due to nTS nanoinjection of exogenous glutamate also was tempered following vagotomy. This effect was not restored by blocking excitatory amino acid transporters. However, the blunted responses were mimicked by NMDA, not AMPA, nanoinjection and were associated with reduced NR1 subunits in the nTS. Altogether, these results demonstrate that vagotomy induces multiple changes within the nTS tripartite synapse that influence cardiorespiratory reflex responses to afferent stimulation.\n                      <jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\">\n                        <jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/tjp15948-gra-0001-m.png\">\n                          <jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text>\n                        <\/jats:graphic>\n                      <\/jats:boxed-text>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key points<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Multiple mechanisms within the nucleus tractus solitarii (nTS) contribute to functional changes following vagal nerve transection.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Vagotomy results in reduced cardiorespiratory reflex responses to vagal afferent stimulation and nTS glutamate nanoinjection.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>\n                            Blunted responses occur via reduced presynaptic Ca\n                            <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                            activation and attenuated NMDA receptor expression and function, leading to a reduction in nTS neuronal activation.\n                          <\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>These results provide insight into the control of autonomic and respiratory function, as well as the plasticity that can occur in response to nerve damage and cardiorespiratory disease.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/jp285854","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]],"date-time":"2024-02-20T13:29:55Z","timestamp":1708435795000},"page":"1147-1174","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Vagotomy blunts cardiorespiratory responses to vagal afferent stimulation via pre\u2010 and postsynaptic effects in the nucleus tractus solitarii"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"602","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7400-8169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabrielle C.","family":"Hofmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Comparative Medicine University of Missouri  Columbia Missouri USA"},{"name":"Area Pathobiology University of Missouri  Columbia Missouri USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Missouri  Columbia Missouri USA"},{"name":"Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center University of Missouri  Columbia Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6106-2745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Procopio","family":"Gama de Barcellos Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Missouri  Columbia Missouri USA"},{"name":"Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center University of Missouri  Columbia Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fateme","family":"Khodadadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Missouri  Columbia Missouri USA"},{"name":"Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center University of Missouri  Columbia Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Ostrowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology A.T. 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