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These degenerative changes are linked to poor rehabilitative and surgical outcomes, which has launched investigations into co\u2010therapeutic biologics. Specifically, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown promise in mitigating degenerative changes in animal models of rotator cuff tears, but reports of their impact on clinical outcomes remain mixed. Here we describe an alternative source of MSCs in the human shoulder, adipose stromal cells (ASCs) from the subacromial fat (SAF) pad. Compared to the gold\u2010standard subcutaneous (SQ) fat, we show that SAF ASCs are less sensitive to chemical and mechanical fibrotic cues, (1) retaining smaller cell area with reduced actin stress fibre alignment across a range of physiological and pathological stiffnesses, (2) having reduced traction forces and extracellular matrix production, and (3) having reduced myofibroblastic conversion in response to cytokine challenge. Furthermore, we show that SAF ASCs enhance fusion of primary human myoblasts via paracrine signalling. Despite a fibrotic signature in SAF from rotator cuffs with tendon tears, SAF ASCs sourced from torn rotator cuffs were equally effective at resisting fibroblastic conversion and promoting myogenesis as those from intact rotator cuffs, further supporting autologous clinical use of these cells. In conclusion, this study describes human SAF ASCs as an alternative, and potentially superior, cell source for rotator cuff therapies.\n                      <jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\">\n                        <jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/tjp16626-gra-0001-m.png\">\n                          <jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text>\n                        <\/jats:graphic>\n                      <\/jats:boxed-text>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key points<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Adipose tissue within the rotator cuff is a novel and understudied source of therapeutic adipose stromal cells.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Here, we detail the impact rotator cuff tears have on adipose tissue within the shoulder, its resident adipose stromal cells, and make a comparison of shoulder adipose stromal cells to subcutaneous adipose stromal cells.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Rotator cuff tears cause fibrosis of rotator cuff adipose tissue; this fibrosis does not impact downstream adipose stromal cell morphology or pro\u2010myogenic signaling.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Rotator cuff adipose stromal cells resist fibrotic microenvironmental cues and have enhanced pro\u2010myogenic paracrine signaling compared with traditional subcutaneous adipose stromal cells.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Rotator cuff adipose stromal cells represent a new cell type that can be impactful in advancing rotator cuff therapies.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/jp286563","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]],"date-time":"2025-04-08T15:54:58Z","timestamp":1744127698000},"page":"7567-7587","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Adipose stromal cells in the human rotator cuff are resistant to fibrotic microenvironmental cues"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"603","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3096-8429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dakota 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