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This organization is thought to enhance visual acuity, but whether and how such antagonism plays a role in more complex processing remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate the role of centre and surround receptive fields in retinal direction selectivity by exposing posterior\u2010preferring On\u2013Off direction\u2010selective ganglion cells (pDSGCs) to adaptive light and recording their response to globally moving objects. We reveal that light adaptation leads to surround expansion in pDSGCs. The pDSGCs maintain their original directional tuning in the centre receptive field, but present the oppositely tuned response in their surround. Notably, although inhibition is the main substrate for retinal direction selectivity, we found that following light adaptation, both the centre\u2010 and surround\u2010mediated responses originate from directionally tuned excitatory inputs. Multi\u2010electrode array recordings show similar oppositely tuned responses in other DSGC subtypes. Together, these data attribute a new role for excitation in the direction\u2010selective circuit. This excitation carries an antagonistic centre\u2013surround property, possibly designed to sharpen the detection of motion direction in the retina.\n<jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\"><jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/tjp16372-gra-0001-m.png\"><jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text><\/jats:graphic><\/jats:boxed-text><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key points<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Receptive fields of direction\u2010selective retinal ganglion cells expand asymmetrically following light adaptation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The increase in the surround receptive field generates a delayed spiking phase that is tuned to the null direction and is mediated by excitation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Following light adaptation, excitation rules the computation in the centre receptive field and is tuned to the preferred direction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>GABAergic and glycinergic inputs modulate the null\u2010tuned delayed response differentially.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Null\u2010tuned delayed spiking phases can be detected in all types of direction\u2010selective retinal ganglion cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Light adaptation exposes a hidden directional excitation in the circuit, which is tuned to opposite directions in the centre and surround receptive fields.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/jp286581","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]],"date-time":"2024-10-28T05:35:43Z","timestamp":1730093743000},"page":"6301-6328","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A new role for excitation in the retinal direction\u2010selective circuit"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"602","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7622-6239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lea","family":"Ankri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Brain Sciences Weizmann Institute of Science  Rehovot Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4369-4586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serena","family":"Riccitelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Brain Sciences Weizmann Institute of Science  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