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Poor muscle quality, resulting from fibrotic pathology or fatty infiltration, strongly predicts lower rates of patient recovery following injury and higher rates of re\u2010injury. The cellular sources of fibrosis and fatty infiltration within skeletal muscle are mesenchymal fibro\u2010adipogenic progenitors (FAPs), which are central effectors to support muscle homeostasis, regeneration and growth. However, following acute or chronic musculoskeletal injury, FAPs can promote fibro\/fatty pathology within muscle that is likely to limit recovery and repair. Given their indispensable role within skeletal muscle, FAPs have emerged as a compelling cellular target to promote tissue recovery following acute and chronic injury. This review provides insight into the aetiology of FAP activity following various musculoskeletal injuries, in addition to signalling components that effect FAP differentiation. Contrasting pathology with therapeutic potential, insight into disease\u2010 and injury\u2010specific FAP activation further cements their role as crucial effectors to improve muscle function and enhance patient outcomes.\n                    <jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\">\n                      <jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/tjp16550-gra-0001-m.png\">\n                        <jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text>\n                      <\/jats:graphic>\n                    <\/jats:boxed-text>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/jp286816","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]],"date-time":"2025-02-11T03:49:47Z","timestamp":1739245787000},"page":"7471-7482","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Fork in the road: therapeutic and pathological actions for fibro\u2010adipogenic progenitors following musculoskeletal injury"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"603","author":[{"given":"Allison M.","family":"Owen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Muscle Biology University of Kentucky  Lexington Kentucky USA"},{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences University of Kentucky  Lexington Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Gonzalez\u2010Velez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Muscle Biology University of Kentucky  Lexington Kentucky USA"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, College of Medicine University of Kentucky  Lexington Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander R.","family":"Keeble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Muscle Biology University of Kentucky  Lexington Kentucky USA"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, College of Medicine University of Kentucky  Lexington Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas T.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Muscle Biology University of Kentucky  Lexington Kentucky USA"},{"name":"Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, College of Health Sciences University of Kentucky  Lexington Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher S.","family":"Fry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Muscle Biology University of Kentucky  Lexington Kentucky USA"},{"name":"Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, College of Health Sciences University of Kentucky  Lexington Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.1945"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00314.2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5312\/wjo.v6.i2.211"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-32658-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jsp2.1091"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP279595"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP280656"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adi9134"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.24324"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32340-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(23)00232-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.0158"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.1587"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465211054512"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2021.100061"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_17_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Muscle\u2010bone interactions during fracture healing","volume":"15","author":"Davis K. 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