{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T18:27:46Z","timestamp":1788546466595,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]],"date-time":"2024-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HL162921"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL162921"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HL150136"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL150136"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U41 NS129436\u201001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U41 NS129436\u201001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PO1 HL164311"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PO1 HL164311"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The sympathetic nervous system modulates cardiac contractile and electrophysiological function and contributes to adverse remodelling following myocardial infarction (MI). Axonal modulation therapy (AMT), directed at the sympathetic chain, blocks efferent sympathetic outflow to the heart and is a strategy to transiently and controllably mitigate chronic MI\u2010associated sympatho\u2010excitation. In porcine models, we evaluated scalable AMT, directed at the paravertebral chain, in blocking reflex\u2010mediated pacing\u2010induced sympatho\u2010excitation post\u2010MI. The level of sympatho\u2010excitation was assessed by dynamic interstitial measurement of noradrenaline (NA) and neuropeptide Y (NPY). In anaesthetized normal (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a05) and age\u2010matched pigs 6\u00a0weeks post\u2010MI induction (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a010), we electrically stimulated the right sympathetic chain and determined levels of direct current block applied at the T1\u2013T2 level sufficient to reduce the evoked changes in heart rate and\/or contractility by 25\u201375%. Reflex\u2010mediated neural release of NA and NPY into the interstitial space during programmed pacing (PP) was assessed using fast\u2010scanning cyclic voltammetry and capacitive immunoprobes. Normal animals demonstrated homogeneous NA and NPY release profiles during PP. In contrast, for MI animals PP evoked differential NA and NPY release in remote and MI border zones of the left ventricle. Right\u2010sided AMT mitigated NA and NPY pacing\u2010induced release in the remote left ventricle with a positive correlation to increasing AMT levels. Pacing\u2010induced NA and NPY release in the MI border zone was not mitigated by AMT. Differential effects of AMT on NA and NPY may underlie the anti\u2010arrhythmic effects of partial stellate ganglion block in the setting of chronic MI.\n                      <jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\">\n                        <jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/tjp16427-gra-0001-m.png\">\n                          <jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text>\n                        <\/jats:graphic>\n                      <\/jats:boxed-text>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key points<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Programmed cardiac pacing evokes homogeneous noradrenaline (NA) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) release in equivalent areas (e.g. medial and lateral aspects) of the normal left ventricle.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Programmed cardiac pacing evokes differential NA and NPY release in remote and border zones of the infarcted left ventricle.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Axonal modulation therapy (AMT), using a graded direct current block applied to the stellate ganglia, can proportionally modulate cardiac sympathetic reflexes.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Unilateral AMT mitigates NA and NPY release in remote left ventricular tissue, with release negatively\u00a0correlated to increasing AMT levels.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Heterogeneities in NA and NPY between the border and remote tissues are reduced by progressive AMT.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/jp286924","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]],"date-time":"2024-11-18T21:43:19Z","timestamp":1731966199000},"page":"2071-2088","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Bioelectronic block of stellate ganglia mitigates pacing\u2010induced heterogeneous release of catecholamine and neuropeptide Y in the infarcted pig heart"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"603","author":[{"given":"Tina","family":"Vrabec","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine &amp; Rehabilitation MetroHealth Medical Center  Cleveland OH USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Case Western Reserve University  Cleveland OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6197-8809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shane","family":"Bender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine &amp; Rehabilitation MetroHealth Medical Center  Cleveland OH USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Case Western Reserve University  Cleveland OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shyue\u2010An","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics Case Western Reserve University  Cleveland OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Cha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"David Geffen School of Medicine University of California \u2013 Los Angeles (UCLA) Cardiac Arrhythmia Center  Los Angeles CA USA"},{"name":"UCLA Neurocardiology Research Program of Excellence  Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sahil","family":"Haridas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"David Geffen School of Medicine University of California \u2013 Los Angeles (UCLA) Cardiac Arrhythmia Center  Los Angeles CA USA"},{"name":"UCLA Neurocardiology Research Program of Excellence  Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3092-5090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Hanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"David Geffen School of Medicine University of California \u2013 Los Angeles (UCLA) Cardiac Arrhythmia Center  Los Angeles CA USA"},{"name":"UCLA Neurocardiology Research Program of Excellence  Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6197-7593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olujimi A.","family":"Ajijola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"David Geffen School of Medicine University of California \u2013 Los Angeles (UCLA) Cardiac Arrhythmia Center  Los Angeles CA USA"},{"name":"UCLA Neurocardiology Research Program of Excellence  Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4121-1766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kalyanam","family":"Shivkumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"David Geffen School of Medicine University of California \u2013 Los Angeles (UCLA) Cardiac Arrhythmia Center  Los Angeles CA USA"},{"name":"UCLA Neurocardiology Research Program of Excellence  Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4920-4413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Corey","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics Case Western Reserve University  Cleveland OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9241-0864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey L.","family":"Ardell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"David Geffen School of Medicine University of California \u2013 Los Angeles (UCLA) Cardiac Arrhythmia Center  Los Angeles CA USA"},{"name":"UCLA Neurocardiology Research Program of Excellence  Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","first-page":"318","article-title":"Coronary sinus neuropeptide Y levels and adverse outcomes in patients with stable chronic heart failure","volume":"5","author":"Ajijola O. 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