{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T15:47:00Z","timestamp":1790092020127,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":128,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Short\u2010term unloading experienced following injury or hospitalisation induces muscle atrophy and weakness. The effects of exercise following unloading have been scarcely investigated. We investigated the functional and molecular adaptations to a resistance training (RT) programme following short\u2010term unloading. Eleven males (22.09\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.91\u00a0years) underwent 10\u00a0days of unilateral lower limb suspension (ULLS) followed by 21\u00a0days of knee extensor RT (three times\/week). Data collection occurred at Baseline (LS0), after ULLS (LS10) and at active recovery (AR21). Knee extensor maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) was evaluated. Quadriceps volume was estimated by ultrasonography. Muscle fibre cross\u2010sectional area, fibre type distribution, glycogen content and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity were measured from vastus lateralis biopsies. Mitochondrial\u2010related proteins were quantified by western blot and transcriptional responses were assessed by RNA sequencing. Following ULLS, quadriceps volume and MVC decreased significantly (3.7%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05; 29.3%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). At AR21 (<jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. LS10), MVC was fully restored (42%) and quadriceps volume increased markedly (18.6%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Glycogen content and whole\u2010body water increased at AR21 (14%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001; 3.1%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). We observed a marked increase in fibre type I at AR21 (38%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). SDH immunoreactivity increased significantly after exercise (20%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Mitochondrial fusion (MFN1, MFN2 and OPA1) and fission (DRP1) proteins were markedly increased by RT, and the most differentially expressed genes belonged to oxidative phosphorylation pathways. In contrast with what is usually observed after RT, oxidative metabolism, slow fibre type and mitochondrial dynamics were enhanced beyond expected. We propose that prior exposure to short\u2010term muscle unloading may drive the nature of molecular adaptations to subsequent RT.\n<jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\"><jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/tjp16510-gra-0001-m.png\"><jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text><\/jats:graphic><\/jats:boxed-text><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key points<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Short\u2010term unloading is often experienced during recovery from injuries and hospitalisation, leading to loss of muscle mass and strength.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Although exercise can be beneficial in mitigating\/reversing such alterations during disuse, only a few studies have focused on the effects of exercise following muscle unloading.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>With an integrative physiological approach, we aimed to elucidate the basic mechanisms of muscle function recovery in response to 21\u00a0days of resistance exercise that followed 10\u00a0days of unilateral lower limb suspension (ULLS), assessing whether the mechanisms underlying recovery are defined by a specific reversal of those that occurred during disuse.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Resistance training was successful in recovering functional and structural muscle properties after 10\u00a0days of ULLS, but in contrast with what is usually observed in response to this training modality, oxidative metabolism and slow fibre type were mostly enhanced.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>We propose that prior exposure to short\u2010term muscle unloading may drive the adaptations to subsequent exercise.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/jp287003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T12:24:00Z","timestamp":1736511840000},"page":"3725-3753","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Previous short\u2010term disuse dictates muscle gene expression and physiological adaptations to subsequent resistance exercise"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"603","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3165-4536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martino V.","family":"Franchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Padova  Padova Italy"},{"name":"CIR\u2010MYO Myology Center University of Padova  Padova 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