{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T03:55:42Z","timestamp":1790654142495,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]],"date-time":"2025-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739318400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>An adequate supply of oxygen is crucial for optimal fetal growth and development. Estimation of quantitative indices that reflect tissue diffusivity and oxygenation have been enabled by advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology. However, the current diagnostic tools in clinical obstetrics, such as Doppler ultrasound measurements of umbilical blood flow and cardiotocography, do not offer direct information about the oxygen supply to the fetus, nor placental function <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. Although MRI provides an opportunity to identify critical changes in fetal oxygenation, exact tissue oxygen content cannot be established in humans. Preclinical models such as pregnant sheep allow the use of invasive methods to validate MRI measurements. The present study investigates the relationship between changes in MRI signal and conventional blood gas analyser measurements during normoxic and hyperoxic conditions in pregnant sheep. Several studies have reported an increase in human fetal oxygenation during 100% maternal oxygen inhalation. We investigated the physiological impact of maternal hyperoxygenation on the placenta in normal pregnant sheep using multimodal functional MRI. Using a multicompartment MRI signal model, we observed the expected increase in feto\u2010placental oxygen saturation with maternal hyperoxygenation. In addition, maternal hyperoxygenation resulted in a significant increase in blood\u2010oxygenation\u2010level\u2010dependent (BOLD) signal intensities, suggesting that BOLD MRI allows non\u2010invasive assessment of the feto\u2010placental response to maternal hyperoxygenation in sheep. Our data suggest that diffusion and relaxation\u2010based MRI is sensitive to acute changes in maternal and feto\u2010placental oxygenation and demonstrate a link between MRI\u2010parameter estimated and reference oxygen saturation.\n<jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\"><jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/tjp16547-gra-0001-m.png\"><jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text><\/jats:graphic><\/jats:boxed-text><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key points<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Quantification of feto\u2010placental oxygenation and function are important for correct differential diagnosis of placental insufficiency. The only current method for obtaining information about fetal oxygen delivery is cordocentesis. However, there is a risk of inducing preterm birth and\/or fetal loss associated with the procedure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can estimate changes in oxygenation in specific areas of placental and fetal tissue.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Using the DECIDE (i.e. diffusion\u2010relaxation combined imaging for detailed placental evaluation) multicompartment model that is sensitive to changes in maternal and feto\u2010placental oxygenation and the blood\u2010oxygenation\u2010level\u2010dependent (BOLD) MRI technique in the sheep fetus, we have demonstrated that maternal hyperoxygenation increases oxygenation of fetal tissue in the placenta. There was a differential effect according to placentome morphological type.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>This study shows a link between MRI estimated parameters and reference maternal and fetal  and  by blood gas analyser, supporting the possibility of using multimodal MRI for measuring regional changes in tissue oxygenation <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/jp287272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]],"date-time":"2025-02-12T13:43:56Z","timestamp":1739367836000},"page":"1029-1044","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Feasibility of multimodal magnetic resonance imaging to assess maternal hyperoxygenation in sheep pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"603","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8846-3573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitra","family":"Flouri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"In Silico Modelling Group, Department of Mechanical &amp; Manufacturing Engineering University of Cyprus  Nicosia Cyprus"},{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering &amp; Imaging Sciences King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack R. 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