{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T09:06:48Z","timestamp":1785920808026,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by overactivation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) that leads to increased risk of cardiovascular disease. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of a Mindfulness\u2010Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) programme on SNS activity in CKD patients. Participants with CKD stages III\u2013IV were randomized to the 8\u00a0week MBSR programme or Health Enhancement Program (HEP; a structurally parallel, active control group). Intraneural measures of SNS activity directed to muscle [muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA)] via microneurography was recorded at rest and during stress manoeuvres (mental arithmetic, handgrip exercise and cold pressor test). Data analyses were performed based on the intent\u2010to\u2010treat principle. In total, 29 participants (64\u00a0\u00b1\u00a09\u00a0years; 86% males) completed the intervention with 17 in the MBSR and 12 in the HEP groups. There was a significant Group (MBSR\n                      <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>\n                      . HEP) by Time (baseline\n                      <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>\n                      . post\u2010intervention) interaction in MSNA reactivity to mental stress (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.029), with a significant reduction in the mean \u2206MSNA over 3\u00a0min of mental arithmetic at post\u2010intervention (10.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.2\u20135.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.6 bursts\/min,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001; Hedges\u2019\n                      <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.858, 95% confidence interval [\u22121.578, \u22120.167]), while no change was observed within the HEP group (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.818). Reduced \u2206MSNA during handgrip exercise was also observed, while \u2206MSNA during the cold pressor test and resting MSNA remained unchanged in both groups from baseline to post\u2010intervention. In this randomized controlled trial, patients with CKD had a reduction of sympathetic reactivity during mental stress and static handgrip exercise following 8\u00a0weeks of MBSR but not after HEP. Our findings demonstrate that mindfulness training is feasible and may have clinically beneficial effects on autonomic function in CKD.\n                      <jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\">\n                        <jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/tjp16466-gra-0001-m.png\">\n                          <jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text>\n                        <\/jats:graphic>\n                      <\/jats:boxed-text>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key points<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>\n                            <jats:bold>Question<\/jats:bold>\n                            : Does the Mindfulness\u2010Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) programme reduce sympathetic activity in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD)?\n                          <\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>\n                            <jats:bold>Finding<\/jats:bold>\n                            : In this randomized controlled trial including 29 patients with CKD, 8\u00a0weeks of MBSR decreased sympathetic reactivity to mental stress compared to the control Health Enhancement Program (HEP).\n                          <\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>\n                            <jats:bold>Meaning<\/jats:bold>\n                            : These finding suggest that mindfulness training may have clinically beneficial effects on autonomic function in CKD.\n                          <\/jats:p>\n   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