{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T03:05:20Z","timestamp":1785294320342,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,20]],"date-time":"2025-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752969600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>During acute exposure to the hypoxia of high altitude, activation of the peripheral chemoreflex increases sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and pulmonary ventilation. If exposure extends over several days, SNA and ventilation further increase and we investigated whether nocturnal periodic breathing (nPB) \u2013 a form of sleep\u2010disordered breathing that is common at high altitude \u2013 contributes to these further increases. In a randomised, placebo\u2010controlled, crossover protocol, twelve healthy men completed two 3\u2010day sojourns in hypobaric hypoxia equivalent to 4000\u00a0m altitude. nPB was inhibited by increasing inspiratory CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> fraction during the nights of one (nPB\u2212), but not the other sojourn (nPB+). Ventilation and plasma catecholamines were measured daily, while muscle SNA (MSNA) was assessed before and at the end of sojourns, without and with peripheral chemoreflex inhibition (transient hyperoxia). The hypoxia\u2010induced increases in MSNA burst frequency (nPB\u2212, +104%; nPB+, +94%; <jats:italic>P\u00a0=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.789) and incidence (nPB\u2212, +47%; nPB+, +50%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.791) were not different between sojourns. Catecholamine concentrations throughout the sojourns were also similar (sojourn: <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0\u2265\u00a00.271, time\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0sojourn: <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0\u2265\u00a00.495). Ventilatory variables were not different between sojourns (sojourn: all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0\u2265\u00a00.090, time\u00d7sojourn: all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0\u2265\u00a00.062) except for a slightly greater tidal volume throughout nPB+ (sojourn: <jats:italic>P\u00a0=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.047, time\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0sojourn: <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>P\u00a0=\u00a00.482). Chemoreflex inhibition induced similar reductions in ventilation during both sojourns (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0\u2265\u00a00.151) and larger reductions in MSNA burst frequency (nPB\u2212: \u22127.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.7\u00a0bursts\u00a0min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, nPB+: \u22124.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.1\u00a0bursts\u00a0min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, <jats:italic>P\u00a0=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.037) and incidence after the nPB\u2212 (\u22120.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.7\u00a0bursts\u00a0(100\u00a0heart\u00a0beats (HB))<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) than after the nPB+ sojourn (+2.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a07.3\u00a0bursts\u00a0(100\u00a0HB)<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.046). We thus conclude that nPB does not contribute to the sympathoexcitation and hyperventilation associated with 3 days of exposure to high altitude.\n<jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\"><jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/tjp16859-gra-0001-m.png\"><jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text><\/jats:graphic><\/jats:boxed-text><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key points<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Prolonged exposure to high altitude leads to progressive increases in sympathetic nerve activity and pulmonary ventilation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Nocturnal periodic breathing (nPB), a form of sleep\u2010disordered breathing that is common at high altitude, may contribute to these progressive increases in sympathetic nerve activity and ventilation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>In this randomised, placebo\u2010controlled, crossover study, twelve healthy men completed two 3\u2010day sojourns in hypobaric hypoxia where nPB was either inhibited or not.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The hypoxia\u2010induced increases in sympathetic nerve activity and ventilation were not different between the two sojourns.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>We conclude that nPB does not contribute to the sympathoexcitation and hyperventilation associated with 3 days of exposure to high altitude.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/jp288700","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,20]],"date-time":"2025-07-20T15:19:36Z","timestamp":1753024776000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Effects of nocturnal periodic breathing on sympathetic nerve activity and ventilatory control at high altitude: a randomised, crossover study"],"prefix":"10.1113","author":[{"given":"Johanna","family":"Roche","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine Eurac Research  Bolzano Italy"},{"name":"Department of Pneumonology University Hospital of Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James P.","family":"Fisher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Manaaki Manawa \u2013 The Centre for Heart Research Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical &amp; Health Sciences University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Rasmussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genmab A\/S  Valby Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abubaker","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Medical University of Innsbruck  Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip N.","family":"Ainslie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Heart, Lung, and Vascular Health University of British Columbia  Kelowna BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine Eurac Research  Bolzano Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Vinetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine Eurac Research  Bolzano Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Cesari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Medical University of Innsbruck  Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Furian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pneumonology University Hospital of Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ambra","family":"Stefani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Medical University of Innsbruck  Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolaus","family":"Netzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine Eurac Research  Bolzano Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannes","family":"Gatterer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine Eurac Research  Bolzano Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birgit","family":"H\u00f6gl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Medical University of Innsbruck  Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0315-3761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"Siebenmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine Eurac Research  Bolzano Italy"},{"name":"Hochgebirgsklinik Davos Medicine Campus Davos  Davos Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2013.05.020","article-title":"Breathing and sleep at high altitude","volume":"188","author":"Ainslie P. 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