{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T07:23:53Z","timestamp":1780471433161,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":125,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761696000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100024311","name":"College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Start\u2010up grant awarded to PI"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Start\u2010up grant awarded to PI"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100024311","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"\n Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Sedentary behaviour is very prevalent in modern societies, with young adults spending approximately 6\u00a0h\/day sitting. Sitting induces declines in endothelial function, increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Nutrition during sitting may be used as a strategy to minimise such effects. This acute randomised, counterbalanced, double\u2010blinded, cross\u2010over, placebo\u2010controlled human study investigated whether intake of dietary flavanols prior to a 2\u00a0h sitting bout could preserve upper\u2010 and lower\u2010limb endothelial function in high\u2010 and low\u2010fit individuals. Forty young healthy males (20\u00a0high fit; 20 low\u2010fit) completed a 2\u00a0h sitting trial after consuming either a high\u2010flavanol (150\u00a0mg (\u2212)\u2010epicatechin) or low\u2010flavanol (<6\u00a0mg (\u2212)\u2010epicatechin) cocoa intervention. The primary outcome, superficial femoral artery flow\u2010mediated dilatation (SFA FMD) and secondary outcomes, brachial artery (BA) FMD, resting shear rate, blood flow and blood pressure (BP) were assessed before and after sitting. Medial gastrocnemius microvasculature haemodynamics were assessed before, during and after sitting. Sitting significantly reduced FMD in the SFA and BA and increased diastolic BP in both fitness groups. The high\u2010flavanol intervention prevented FMD declines in both arteries, with no effects on BP. Sitting significantly decreased shear rate and blood flow in both arteries in both fitness groups, with no effects of the flavanol intervention. Sitting further resulted in declines in tissue oxygenation (TOI), detectable within 10\u00a0min, and impaired TOI desaturation and speed of reperfusion during hyperaemia 2\u00a0h post\u2010sitting, with no effects of flavanols. Flavanol\u2010rich foods may be efficacious at counteracting sitting\u2010induced endothelial dysfunction during prolonged sitting in both high\u2010 and low\u2010fit individuals.\n \n \n image<\/jats:alt-text>\n <\/jats:graphic>\n <\/jats:boxed-text>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Key points<\/jats:title>\n \n \n \n Prolonged sitting temporarily impairs vascular function and blood pressure. Dietary strategies during sitting may ameliorate or aggravate the effects of sitting on vascular health.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n In this study, dietary cocoa flavanols consumed just before 2\u00a0h of uninterrupted sitting were effective at preventing sitting\u2010induced reductions in vascular function in both the brachial and femoral arteries (as measured by flow\u2010mediated dilatation) in young healthy men, with no effects on microvascular function or blood pressure.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n Flavanols were equally effective at preserving vascular function in individuals with high and low cardiorespiratory fitness during sitting.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n Individuals\u2019 high cardiorespiratory fitness did not protect against declines in vascular function and blood pressure during sitting.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n Consuming high\u2010flavanol foods during sedentary periods may be used alone or in combination with other strategies (e.g. breaking up sitting) to reduce the impact of inactivity on the vascular system.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/jp289038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T07:03:34Z","timestamp":1761721414000},"page":"145-171","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Dietary flavanols preserve upper\u2010 and lower\u2010limb endothelial function during sitting in high\u2010 and low\u2010fit young healthy males"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"604","author":[{"given":"Alessio","family":"Daniele","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences University of Birmingham Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8713-2457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel J. 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