{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T22:44:31Z","timestamp":1791931471101,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760572800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004584","name":"Conseil R\u00e9gional de Bretagne","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PhD funding"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PhD funding"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004584","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Iron is a biologically indispensable yet potentially harmful element: essential for numerous metabolic processes but toxic in excess, potentially leading to organ damage. Under conditions of extreme physical inactivity, such as microgravity or prolonged bed\u2010rest, physical deconditioning occurs, adversely affecting functional capacities and health. Anaemia and muscle atrophy may contribute to systemic iron redistribution, as red blood cells and skeletal muscle collectively concentrate most body iron. Here we summarize a decade of research conducted in rodent and human ground\u2010based models to investigate how extreme physical inactivity alters systemic and cellular iron homeostasis, and explore the underlying mechanisms. During the first days an increase in plasma iron availability occurs in both men and premenopausal women, likely due to accelerated erythrophagocytosis in spleen and redistribution of iron from degraded erythrocytes. Despite the rapid onset of muscle fibre atrophy under these conditions, skeletal muscle appears to accumulate iron rather than release it and therefore may not necessarily contribute to the systemic redistribution of iron. Increased circulating hepcidin levels observed during this early phase could contribute to both redistribution and tissue iron sequestration. After several weeks of exposure plasma iron availability remains elevated in men exposed to extreme physical inactivity, potentially exposing to chronic tissue iron accumulation. In contrast a return to baseline seems to occur in premenopausal women. These findings point to a broad and persistent redistribution of iron metabolism in men in response to extreme physical inactivity. However the long\u2010term effects on iron metabolism in women remain poorly understood and warrant further investigation.\n                    <jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\">\n                      <jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/tjp70190-gra-0001-m.png\">\n                        <jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text>\n                      <\/jats:graphic>\n                    <\/jats:boxed-text>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/jp289149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T19:44:41Z","timestamp":1760643881000},"page":"66-80","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Extreme physical inactivity alters iron metabolism: mechanisms and health issues for astronauts and bedridden patients"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"604","author":[{"given":"Mathieu","family":"Horeau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory \u2018Movement Sport and Health Sciences\u2019 EA7470 University of Rennes\/ENS Rennes  Bruz France"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Padova  Padova Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maelys","family":"Auffret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory \u2018Movement Sport and Health Sciences\u2019 EA7470 University of Rennes\/ENS Rennes  Bruz France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Lor\u00e9al","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, University of Rennes, INRAE, UMR 1317\/1341 Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan) Institute  Rennes France"},{"name":"Elemental Analysis and Metabolism of Metals (AEM2) Platform Univ Rennes and CHU Rennes  Rennes Cedex 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