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To address this female mice were fed either a control diet or a high\u2010fat diet (HFD) for 2 months to induce obesity, and the same dietary treatments were maintained during pregnancy. Embryos were sampled at E11.5 and E13.5. Single\u2010cell RNA sequencing revealed reduced proportions of neurons and neural progenitors in embryos from obese mothers. The downregulation of neurogenesis, nervous system development and synaptic organization pathways were further confirmed by Gene Ontology analysis. Key neurogenic transcription factors, including\n                      <jats:italic>Neurod1<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Neurog2<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Ascl1<\/jats:italic>\n                      , were suppressed in MO embryos, accompanied by increased expression of inflammatory markers, including tumour necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 (TNF\u2010\u03b1) and\n                      <jats:italic>Cxcl2<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and inflammatory signalling mediators,\n                      <jats:italic>Fos<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Jun<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Jund<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Single\u2010cell ATAC sequencing revealed the activator protein 1 (AP\u20101) binding sites in the promoter regions of\n                      <jats:italic>Tnf<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Cd68<\/jats:italic>\n                      , with MO\u2010enhancing AP\u20101 transcription factor motif activity and increased chromatin accessibility in the loci of\n                      <jats:italic>Tnfa<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Cd68<\/jats:italic>\n                      genes. Furthermore,\u00a0TNF\u2010\u03b1 treatment of neurogenic cells suppressed\n                      <jats:italic>Neurod1<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Neurog2<\/jats:italic>\n                      expression, suggesting a direct link between inflammatory signalling and impaired neurogenesis. Our findings suggest that MO creates a pro\u2010inflammatory environment that disrupts neurogenesis during early embryonic development, providing new insights into the neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring born to obese mothers.\n                      <jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\">\n                        <jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/tjp70456-gra-0001-m.png\">\n                          <jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text>\n                        <\/jats:graphic>\n                      <\/jats:boxed-text>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key points<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Maternal obesity (MO) suppresses neurogenesis in the early embryos.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Single\u2010cell RNA sequencing (scRNA\u2010seq) reveals decreased neurogenic cells and neurogenic factors in MO embryos.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>MO elevates activator protein 1 (AP\u20101) transcription factor accessibility to the promoters of inflammatory genes.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>\n                            Inflammation induced by tumour necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 (TNF\u2010\u03b1) suppresses\n                            <jats:italic>Neurod1<\/jats:italic>\n                            and\n                            <jats:italic>Neurog2<\/jats:italic>\n                            expression and neurogenesis\n                            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                            .\n                          <\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/jp289326","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T12:18:01Z","timestamp":1773404281000},"page":"3159-3174","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Maternal obesity induces activator protein 1\u2010mediated inflammatory response to impair embryonic neurogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"604","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2878-8613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li\u2010Wei","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory, Department of 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