{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T13:58:38Z","timestamp":1781963918491,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758931200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Exposure to hypoxia is associated with increased ventilation, which escalates with continued exposure. Carotid chemoreceptors play a critical role in ventilatory acclimatization to prolonged hypoxia in animals. However, the contribution of carotid chemoreceptor tonic activity to ventilatory acclimatization in humans has not been directly demonstrated. We assessed carotid chemoreceptor tonic activity in lowlanders following acclimatization to high altitude and during de\u2010acclimatization. Fourteen healthy participants (7\u00a0male, 27\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04\u00a0years) were assessed at 340\u00a0m, following 13\u00a0days at high altitude (3800\u00a0m), and 3\u00a0days post\u2010descent to 1200\u00a0m. Carotid chemoreceptor tonic activity was indexed by the two\u2010breath nadir in minute ventilation () during 1\u00a0min of hyperoxia (100% inspired O2<\/jats:sub>), at rest and during cycling exercise, matched for relative intensity [\u223c50% maximal oxygen consumption ()] and absolute intensity (\u223c90\u00a0W). Resting increased from sea level (12.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.3\u00a0l\/min) to 3800\u00a0m (16.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.6\u00a0l\/min, P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a00.001) and 3\u2010days post\u2010descent (18.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.5\u00a0l\/min, P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a00.001), with no difference between high altitude and post\u2010descent (P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.366). The hyperoxic nadir in ventilation was greater than sea level at 3800\u00a0m (+153%; P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.070, Cohen's d<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01.3) and 3\u2010days post\u2010descent (+74%; P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.048), with no significant difference between 3800\u00a0m and post\u2010descent (P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.326). During 50% exercise, the hyperoxic ventilation nadir was also greater than sea level at 3800\u00a0m (+225%; P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.007) and 3\u00a0days post\u2010descent (+183%; P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.004). The degree of ventilatory acclimatization was associated with the change in the hyperoxic nadir in ventilation (as an index of carotid chemoreceptor tonic activity; r<\/jats:italic>2\u00a0=\u00a0<\/jats:sup>0.60, P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.014). In conclusion, carotid chemoreceptor tonic activity is elevated and associated with acclimatization to high altitude, and this persists 3\u00a0days post\u2010descent.\nimage<\/jats:alt-text><\/jats:graphic><\/jats:boxed-text><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Key points<\/jats:title>\nAscent to high altitude is associated with adjustments in ventilation (i.e. ventilatory acclimatization). Heightened carotid chemoreceptor activity plays a critical role in ventilatory acclimatization to prolonged hypoxia in animals; However, there have been no studies in humans directly assessing the contribution of carotid body tonic activity in ventilatory acclimatization during rest and exercise.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\nWe aimed to elucidate the changes in carotid chemoreceptor tonic activity in the process of ventilatory acclimatization and de\u2010acclimatization during rest and exercise conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\nVentilation at rest and during exercise increased at high altitude during acclimatization, and this corresponded with increased inhibition of ventilation with hyperoxia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\nIncreased ventilation persisted at 3\u00a0days following descent from high altitude, along with the persistence of elevated carotid body tonic activity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\nWe conclude that elevated carotid body tonic activity plays a major role in ventilatory acclimatization to, and de\u2010acclimatization from, high altitude, and this persists during exercise.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/jp289355","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T21:19:47Z","timestamp":1759007987000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Elevated carotid body tonic activity contributes to ventilatory acclimatization and de\u2010acclimatization to high altitude at rest and during exercise"],"prefix":"10.1113","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1192-3359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayechew A.","family":"Getu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health University of British Columbia \u2013 Okanagan Campus Kelowna British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"Department of Physiology College of Medicine and health Sciences University of Gondar Gondar Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5571-4268","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L. Madden","family":"Brewster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health University of British Columbia \u2013 Okanagan Campus Kelowna British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Travis D.","family":"Gibbons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5699-3481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James D.","family":"Anholm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Loma Linda University Loma Linda USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0818-6420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Stembridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiff School of Sport & Health Sciences Cardiff Metropolitan University Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6560-222X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip N.","family":"Ainslie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health University of British Columbia \u2013 Okanagan Campus Kelowna British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7236-1348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jay M. J. R.","family":"Carr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine Eurac Research Bolzano Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1894","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1986.60.6.1894","article-title":"Influence of body size and gender on control of ventilation","volume":"60","author":"Aitken M. 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