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Although muscle mass and contractile force are standard assessments in experimental models, these measures often fail to capture neuromuscular co\u2010ordination deficits essential for effective movement. To better characterise these deficits, we employed a mouse hindlimb suspension (HLS) model for 14\u00a0days to induce disuse atrophy, confirmed by reductions in muscle mass, fibre type remodelling and satellite cell depletion, all of which were only partially reversed after a 7\u2010day reloading period.\n In vivo<\/jats:italic>\n analysis showed that gastrocnemius contractile force was significantly reduced following HLS and recovered incompletely after reloading. To functionally assess mobility, we implemented a non\u2010invasive treadmill\u2010based gait analysis, which revealed domain\u2010specific impairments across neural control\/rhythm, neuromuscular co\u2010ordination and stability\/variability, which were only partially restored after reloading, whereas muscle strength\u2010related metrics such as paw drag showed mild but consistent alterations. At the molecular level, we identified elevated expression of MG29, subcellular redistribution of MG53 and altered expression of neuromuscular function\u2010related genes (e.g.\n Ninj1<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Prkg1<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Ryr1<\/jats:italic>\n and\n S100a1<\/jats:italic>\n ), suggesting that MG29 and MG53\u00a0may contribute to impaired muscle plasticity and synaptic remodelling. Overall, our findings demonstrate that gait analysis can enhance the functional assessment of muscle disuse and recovery, offering a translational tool to evaluate interventions targeting atrophy\u2010related mobility decline.\n \n \n image<\/jats:alt-text>\n <\/jats:graphic>\n <\/jats:boxed-text>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Key points<\/jats:title>\n \n \n \n Hindlimb suspension induces muscle atrophy and contractile loss, but functional consequences are not fully captured by traditional measurements.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n Gait analysis provides a non\u2010invasive framework to evaluate neuromuscular performance across four domains: muscle strength\/size, neural control\/rhythm, neuromuscular co\u2010ordination and stability\/variability. Hindlimb suspension caused domain\u2010specific impairments in rhythm control, co\u2010ordination and stability, which were only partially restored after reloading, whereas strength\u2010related metrics such as paw drag showed mild but consistent alterations.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n Correlation analyses revealed parallel reductions in propulsion\u2010 and rhythm\u2010related gait metrics alongside decreases in muscle fibre size and tetanic force, indicating a functional\u2013structural linkage between gait output and muscle integrity.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n Functional impairment is associated with satellite cell loss, MG29 upregulation, MG53 redistribution and neuromuscular function\u2010related gene alteration.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n These findings identify gait metrics as biomarkers that may serve as early, non\u2010invasive indicators of muscle disuse and recovery, providing mechanistic insights and a new tool to evaluate interventions targeting atrophy\u2010related mobility loss.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/jp289401","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T05:51:42Z","timestamp":1771393902000},"page":"2867-2897","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gait analysis for functional evaluation in a surgical hindlimb suspension model of muscle atrophy"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"604","author":[{"given":"Yanping","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus OH USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhentao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus OH 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