{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T14:59:22Z","timestamp":1790434762570,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":182,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790380800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This review addresses an important and timely topic at the intersection of placental biology with respect to barrier transfer kinetics, toxicology and mathematical modelling in the context of emerging regulatory drivers to reduce and replace animal use in developmental and reproductive toxicology (DART) testing. The scope of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of (i) placental structure and function across gestation, (ii) human\u2010specific transfer mechanisms for nutrients and xenobiotics, (iii)\n                    <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    human placental models, (iv) mathematical and computational modelling frameworks for placental transfer and (v) pathological influences on transfer kinetics. It aims to serve as a reference for physiologists, toxicologists and placental modelling specialists within the rapidly evolving field of non\u2010animal technologies for DART testing.\n                    <jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\">\n                      <jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/tjp70839-gra-0001-m.png\">\n                        <jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text>\n                      <\/jats:graphic>\n                    <\/jats:boxed-text>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/jp289588","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T14:21:33Z","timestamp":1790432493000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Human placental transfer of xenobiotics in health and disease: New approach methodologies for developmental and reproductive toxicology testing and mathematical modelling"],"prefix":"10.1113","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8328-7072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Brownbill","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre University of Manchester  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4078-4749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleanor","family":"Doman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre University of Manchester  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(90)91100-Q","article-title":"The association of maternal floor infarction of the placenta with adverse perinatal outcome","volume":"163","author":"Andres R. 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