{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:22:23Z","timestamp":1785543743543,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778112000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778112000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008460","name":"National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R00AT009466"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R00AT009466"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008460","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR001442"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR001442"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Chronic pain is highly prevalent, and non\u2010pharmacological tools are a crucial part of a multimodal approach to reducing burden of pain. Among these touch\u2010based interventions such as massage have long been popular, yet their underlying pain\u2010relieving mechanisms are poorly understood. Touch\u2010based therapies often involve gentle stroking associated with the C\u2010tactile afferent pathway and deep pressure. Although chronic pain patients often find touch less pleasant than individuals without pain, the effects of chronic pain on touch\u2010pain modulation have not been directly studied. In the current study we systematically investigated two affective forms of touch \u2013 gentle brushing and deep pressure (compression) \u2013 on heat pain perception, testing their effects both within\u2010segment and between\u2010segment to explore their neural mechanism. We compared touch\u2013pain modulation effects in pain\u2010free controls and patients with fibromyalgia (FM), a condition characterized by sensory hypersensitivity and affective alterations, hypothesizing that touch\u2010pain modulation would be reduced in FM. We further examined the role of trauma and depression, which are highly prevalent in FM. Significant touch\u2010pain modulation occurred only for between\u2010segment brushing. No significant differences in touch\u2010pain modulation were observed between FM patients and controls. Notably, trauma history and depression emerged as the strongest predictors of touch\u2010pain modulation. These findings suggest that touch\u2010pain modulation involves supraspinal mechanisms that are preserved in FM and are strongly shaped by trauma history and psychological factors. Our results provide novel insight into biopsychosocial determinants of touch\u2010related pain relief and its relevance to FM.\n                      <jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\">\n                        <jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/tjp70585-gra-0001-m.png\">\n                          <jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text>\n                        <\/jats:graphic>\n                      <\/jats:boxed-text>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key points<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Touch\u2010based interventions such as massage are common non\u2010pharmacological approaches for chronic pain, but their mechanisms are poorly understood.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Chronic pain patients often exhibit reduced touch pleasantness and endogenous pain modulation, but effects of chronic pain on touch\u2010pain modulation have not been directly studied.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>We tested the effects of gentle brushing and deep pressure (compression) on heat pain perception, testing both within\u2010segment (same dermatome) and between\u2010segment (between dermatome) conditions in no\u2010pain controls and patients with fibromyalgia (FM).<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Brushing significantly reduced heat pain in the between\u2010segment condition and did not differ by pain status; trauma history and depression emerged as the strongest predictors of touch\u2010pain modulation.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>These findings suggest that touch\u2010pain modulation involves supraspinal mechanisms that are preserved in FM and strongly shaped by trauma history and psychological factors.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/jp290242","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T01:10:16Z","timestamp":1778202616000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Modulation of pain by affective touch: effects of childhood trauma, depression, chronic pain, and spinal segment"],"prefix":"10.1113","author":[{"given":"Benedetta","family":"Albinni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology UCSD  La Jolla CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marisa","family":"Zimmerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology UCSD  La Jolla CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Alasha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology UCSD  La Jolla CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology UCSD  La Jolla CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsey","family":"Crankshaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology UCSD  La Jolla CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emrys","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology UCSD  La Jolla CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffery","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cognitive Science UCSD  La Jolla CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9713-9093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandy R.","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine UCSD  La Jolla CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4970-6296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathaniel","family":"Schuster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology UCSD  La Jolla CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3730-2451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Case","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology UCSD  La Jolla CA USA"},{"name":"Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System  La Jolla CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP290243"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpain.2021.740897","article-title":"Tactile detection in fibromyalgia: A systematic review and a meta\u2010analysis","volume":"2","author":"Augi\u00e8re T.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Pain Research"},{"issue":"47","key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12165","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3576-06.2006","article-title":"Chronic pain and the emotional brain: Specific brain activity associated with spontaneous fluctuations of intensity of chronic back pain","volume":"26","author":"Baliki M. 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