{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T04:43:45Z","timestamp":1777956225629,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777852800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K2007\u201063X\u201003548"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K2007\u201063X\u201003548"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K2010\u201062X\u201003548"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K2010\u201062X\u201003548"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021\u201002552"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\u201002552"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EU FP6 NANOBIOTACT 33287"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EU FP6 NANOBIOTACT 33287"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"abstract":"\n Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Touch using the hands is essential for recognising surface features and manipulating objects, where different aspects are encoded by four main types of low\u2010threshold mechanoreceptors (LTMs) in glabrous skin. Although factors such as movement, vibration and pressure are often studied individually, touch requires their integration to produce complex sensations. We investigated these processes jointly by recording single\u2010unit activity via microneurography from human LTM afferents in the median nerve as periodic gratings slid across their receptive fields, varying the normal force and sliding velocity per trial. Mixed\u2010effects models revealed that fast\u2010adapting type 1 (FA\u20101) afferent firing was influenced by all three stimulus dimensions \u2013 force, velocity and spatial period. Slowly adapting type 1 (SA\u20101) afferent firing was driven primarily by force and, to a lesser extent, velocity. These findings support the view that FA\u20101 afferents encode stimulus intensity in an approximately linear manner, while SA\u20101 afferents function mainly as force detectors, demonstrating that mechanoreceptive afferents provide a complementary and multidimensional representation of the stimulus features during sliding contact. This distributed encoding expands the notion that LTMs are dedicated to single stimulus features, suggesting that tactile information is represented across LTM populations where each class contributes differently weighted inputs to capture skin\u2013object interactions.\n \n \n image<\/jats:alt-text>\n <\/jats:graphic>\n <\/jats:boxed-text>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Key points<\/jats:title>\n \n \n \n Mechanoreceptors in the skin are divided into different classes that respond well to various aspects of touch, such as pressure and vibration.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n We recorded directly from low\u2010threshold mechanoreceptors in human peripheral nerves while different dynamic stimuli were moved across their receptive fields, changing the velocity, force and spatial period.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n Computational modelling of fingertip mechanoreceptor responses showed multiplexity in their encoding strategy, yielding partial convergence in feature representation across afferent classes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n The study expands our knowledge on how touch is encoded, where information is represented across mechanoreceptor populations and each class contributes differently weighted inputs to capture skin\u2013object interactions.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/jp290540","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T01:27:16Z","timestamp":1777944436000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Single human fingertip mechanoreceptive afferents simultaneously encode multidimensional aspects of touch"],"prefix":"10.1113","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8708-2543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria Ashley","family":"Lang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology University of Gothenburg G\u00f6teborg Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helena Backlund","family":"Wasling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology University of Gothenburg G\u00f6teborg Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4621-7929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rochelle","family":"Ackerley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology University of Gothenburg G\u00f6teborg Sweden"},{"name":"Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRPN (Centre de Recherche en Psychologie et Neurosciences \u2013 UMR 7077) Marseille France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Wessberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology University of Gothenburg G\u00f6teborg Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01","article-title":"Fitting linear mixed\u2010effects models using lme4","volume":"67","author":"Bates D.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Statistical Software"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3023","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00002.2005","article-title":"Vibratory adaptation of cutaneous mechanoreceptive afferents","volume":"94","author":"Bensma\u00efa S. 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