{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T21:03:35Z","timestamp":1789506215457,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DK120170"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK120170"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DK111667"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK111667"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"\n Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n The brain\u2013gut axis is central to gastrointestinal regulation and disorders of gut\u2013brain interaction are more prevalent and often more severe in females. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that brain\u2013gut neurocircuitry is influenced by stress and ovarian hormone levels. Gastric emptying in Sprague\u2013Dawley female rats was slower when oestrogen levels were high, but stress had no further effect. Whole\u2010cell recordings revealed that, unlike previous reports in male rats, the \u2018anti\u2010stress\u2019 peptide, oxytocin (OXT), suppressed GABAergic transmission to dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) neurons under non\u2010stressed conditions regardless of oestrogen level. Application of astressin, an antagonist of the \u2018pro\u2010stress\u2019 neuropeptide, corticotrophin\u2010releasing factor (CRF), showed that some presynaptic effects of OXT were dependent upon ongoing CRF1 receptor activity in female vagal neurocircuits.\n In vivo<\/jats:italic>\n recordings showed that DMV microinjection of OXT decreased gastric tone and motility via vagal efferent pathways involving the release of vasoactive intestinal peptide and nitric oxide onto myenteric neurons, with recruitment of distinct efferent pathways dependent on oestrous stage and stress history. These findings reveal that the oestrous stage and stress do not affect the OXT modulation of inhibitory input to DMV neurons but do determine peripheral effector recruitment. The dissonance between central synaptic modulation and peripheral implementation provides a mechanistic framework for female\u2010specific variability in gastric motor function and susceptibility to stress\u2010related gastrointestinal dysfunction.\n \n \n image<\/jats:alt-text>\n <\/jats:graphic>\n <\/jats:boxed-text>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Key points<\/jats:title>\n \n \n \n Disorders of gut\u2013brain interaction (DGBI) are more prevalent in females. Dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) neurons provide extensive extrinsic parasympathetic innervation to the gastrointestinal tract.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n In male rats, the anti\u2010stress neuropeptide oxytocin (OXT) is known to modulate inhibitory GABAergic transmission to DMV neurons only following stress or activation of pro\u2010stress corticotrophin\u2010releasing factor (CRF) receptors.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n The present study demonstrates that, in female rats, OXT suppressed GABAergic transmission to DMV neurons under basal (non\u2010stressed) conditions in a manner that was independent of oestrous stage, and that CRF receptors were tonically active, even under basal conditions.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n In female rats, parasympathetic control of gastric functions involved non\u2010adrenergic, non\u2010cholinergic vagal efferent pathways, with recruitment of distinct pathways dependent on oestrous stage and stress history<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n These findings suggest a sex\u2010specific organization of vagal neurocircuits regulating gastric functions, which may underlie female\u2010specific variability and susceptibility to stress\u2010related DGBI.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/jp291603","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T20:05:54Z","timestamp":1789157154000},"page":"7570-7593","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Oestrogen modulates stress\u2010induced vagally\u2010dependent gastric responses to oxytocin"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"604","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2693-3186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruchi","family":"Bhagat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics Penn State College of Medicine Hershey Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. Alberto","family":"Travagli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurobiology Research Newport North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5062-3703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kirsteen N.","family":"Browning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics Penn State College of Medicine Hershey Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2008.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00363.2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2012.01987.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00328.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2010.66"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"Sex differences in stress responses: A critical role for corticotropin\u2010releasing factor","volume":"17","author":"Bangasser D. 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