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It is known that the parasympathetic respiratory motoneurones (PRMNs) projecting to the airways are located in the nucleus ambiguus (NA) and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV). Although NA PRMNs are known to regulate bronchoconstriction in both physiological and pathological conditions, the electrophysiological properties of DMV PRMNs and their functional role in regulating the airways are not entirely clear. Retrograde labelling, neuronal and ventilatory recordings, optogenetics, chemogenetics, and histological and molecular analyses\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      preparations of rats were performed to evaluate the electrophysiological characteristics controlling the activity of DMV PRMNs and their role in airway mucus secretion. DMV PRMNs present K\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2010dominated leak currents, mediated by two\u2010pore domain TWIK\u20102 channels, which regulate their resting membrane potential, firing frequency and excitation by acidosis. Acidosis also reduces synaptic inhibition to these motoneurones and activates astrocytes in the DMV. Furthermore, optogenetic activation of astrocytes induced action potentials in DMV PRMNs, mediated by glutamatergic NMDA receptor excitation. Finally, chemogenetic activation of DMV PRMNs evoked mucus secretion in respiratory airways and increases sighing, without affecting inflammatory cell infiltration, pulmonary ventilation, oxygen consumption or heart rate. Therefore, our data demonstrate that TWIK\u20102 leak channels and astrocytes signalling regulate the activity of DMV PRMNs and their role in airway mucus secretion of rats.\n                      <jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\">\n                        <jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/tjp70832-gra-0001-m.png\">\n                          <jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text>\n                        <\/jats:graphic>\n                      <\/jats:boxed-text>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key points<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Parasympathetic respiratory motoneurones (PRMNs) of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) present K+\u2010dominated leak currents, mediated by TWIK\u20102 channels, regulating their resting membrane potential, firing frequency and excitation by acidosis.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Acidosis also reduces synaptic inhibition to DMV PRMNs and activates astrocytes in the DMV.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Activation of DMV astrocytes induced action potentials in PRMNs, mediated by glutamatergic NMDA receptor excitation.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Activation of DMV PRMNs evoked mucus secretion in respiratory airways and increased sighing, without affecting pulmonary ventilation, oxygen consumption or heart rate.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>TWIK\u20102 leak channels and astrocytes signalling regulate the activity of DMV PRMNs and their role in airway mucus secretion of rats.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/jp291653","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T11:58:52Z","timestamp":1789387132000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Electrophysiological properties of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus motoneurones controlling airway mucus secretion in rats"],"prefix":"10.1113","author":[{"given":"Daniel P.","family":"de Souza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto University of S\u00e3o Paulo  Ribeir\u00e3o Preto\/SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9023-2777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renato W.","family":"Martins S\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto University of S\u00e3o Paulo  Ribeir\u00e3o Preto\/SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luiza Henrique","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences University of S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo\/SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando S.","family":"Ramalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, School of Medicine of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto University of S\u00e3o Paulo  Ribeir\u00e3o Preto\/SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6132-0217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davi J. 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