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In contrast, relatively little is known about connectivity in the reverse direction \u2013 that is, the hippocampal influence on the SuM. We find that the hippocampus provides direct GABAergic inputs to the SuM, arising from multiple hippocampal subregions across dorsal and ventral hippocampus. Although both nitric oxide synthase\u2010expressing long\u2010range inhibitory NOS\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      cells (LINCs) of the hippocampus and somatostatin\u2010expressing subpopulations contribute to hippocampal\u2010SuM communication, hippocampal cells projecting to the SuM do not express markers common to other subsets of hippocampal inhibitory projection neurons, including muscarinic cholinergic receptor 2 (M2R) or vasoactive intestinal protein (VIP). Viral tracing and optogenetic experiments indicate that hippocampal inhibitory cells densely target the lateral SuM and preferentially innervate SuM neurons that project back to the hippocampus. Notably this is not simple feedback inhibition, as there is cross\u2010talk between circuits \u2013 dorsal hippocampal cells inhibit not only SuM cells projecting to dorsal hippocampus but also those projecting to the ventral hippocampus, and the same is true of ventral hippocampal cells. Collectively this work establishes that hippocampal\u2010SuM circuitry is bidirectional and, in doing so, uncovers an additional role for hippocampal long\u2010range GABAergic neurons in interregional communication.\n                      <jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\">\n                        <jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/tjp70827-gra-0001-m.png\">\n                          <jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text>\n                        <\/jats:graphic>\n                      <\/jats:boxed-text>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key points<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>The supramammillary area (SuM) is a region of the hypothalamus with well\u2010established impacts on memory and oscillations via direct projections to the hippocampus. In comparison, little is known about hippocampal influence over the SuM.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>\n                            Hippocampal\u2010to\u2010SuM direct communication is mediated by hippocampal inhibitory neurons, including long\u2010range inhibitory NOS\n                            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                            cells (LINCs) and somatostatin\u2010expressing cells.\n                          <\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Hippocampal inhibitory neurons projecting to the SuM originate from across hippocampal subregions (hilus, CA3, CA2 and CA1) and from across the hippocampal dorsal\u2013ventral axis.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Hippocampal inhibitory neurons preferentially target SuM neurons which project back to the hippocampus, establishing that hippocampal\u2010SuM circuitry is bidirectional.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/jp291809","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T08:15:28Z","timestamp":1789114528000},"page":"7924-7956","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hippocampal long\u2010range GABAergic neurons target hippocampal\u2010projecting cells of the supramammillary area"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"604","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9284-6406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren","family":"Glassburn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Neuroscience University of Minnesota  Minneapolis 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