{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T15:57:38Z","timestamp":1762271858872},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1979,1,1]],"date-time":"1979-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":283996800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1979,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>1. The activities of choline acetyltransferase (CAT) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were assayed in adult pigeon ciliary ganglia, in the post\u2010synaptic ciliary and choroid nerves, and in ciliary nerve iris terminals isolated from control birds and from animals from which the oculomotor nerve was previously transected. Enzyme activity levels were also measured in the iris terminals after surgical section of the ciliary nerves. From differences in enzyme activity between control and 3\u2010day denervated tissues, the localization of CAT and AChE in pre\u2010 and post\u2010synaptic elements of the ganglia and at the iris neuromuscular junctions was estimated. The fate of the preganglionic nerve terminals after denervation was investigated by electron microscopic examination of ganglia after surgical section of the oculomotor nerve.<\/jats:p><jats:p>2. The CAT activity in the ganglion was distributed as follows: 60% in presynaptic elements, 31% in cell somas, and 9% in intraganglionic post\u2010synaptic axons; in the iris junctions, 98% of the activity was present in the ciliary nerve terminals. For AChE: 20% was present in the preganglionic terminals, 69% in ganglion cell somas and the remaining 11% in post\u2010ganglionic axons; at the neuromuscular iris junctions, 20% was found in the ciliary nerve terminals and 80% in the iris striated muscle.<\/jats:p><jats:p>3. The first changes in the fine structure of the nerve terminals were observed 14 hr after surgery, and by 24 hr marked alteration of the synaptic structure were clearly recognized. No preganglionic endings were found in 3 day\u2010old denervated ganglia.<\/jats:p><jats:p>4. There was a positive correlation between CAT activity in the control iris nerve terminals and in ganglia. After denervation, when the activity of the enzyme decreased in ganglion cell somas, there was a corresponding decrease in the post\u2010synaptic nerves. These two findings suggest that CAT slow axoplasmic transport is related to its perikarial concentration.<\/jats:p><jats:p>5. There was a 60% reduction of CAT activity in the post\u2010synaptic elements, assayed in the 10\u2010day denervated ganglia, which was accompanied by a 30% decrease in activity in the iris nerve terminals. Similarly, post\u2010synaptic AChE decreased approximately 30% in the ganglion and approximately 30% in the iris 10 days after section of the oculomotor nerve. At the same time, CAT activity also decreased in the nerve trunks, 70% at the ciliary nerve and 40% at the choroid; for AChE there were smaller changes.<\/jats:p><jats:p>6. In contrast to CAT and AChE, there were no differences in ganglionic protein content, or lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), co\u2010enzyme A (CoA) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) levels between short\u2010term (3 days) and long\u2010term (10 days) denervated ganglia.<\/jats:p><jats:p>7. The later decrease of CAT and AChE activity in the cell somas, axons and nerve terminals after long\u2010term preganglionic transection suggests that the activity of these enzymes is regulated across the synapses. It is postulated that the AChE regulation is part of a general \u2018trophic interaction\u2019 between neurones, but that the trans\u2010synaptic modulation of CAT is specific for cholinergic cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1979.sp012616","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,19]],"date-time":"2014-12-19T07:32:45Z","timestamp":1418974365000},"page":"233-253","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Normal distribution and denervation changes of neurotransmitter related enzymes in cholinergic neurones"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"286","author":[{"given":"E.","family":"Giacobini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Pilar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Suszkiw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Uchimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1979,1]]},"container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1113%2Fjphysiol.1979.sp012616","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1979.sp012616","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,5]],"date-time":"2023-11-05T18:24:52Z","timestamp":1699208692000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1979.sp012616"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1979,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1979,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1113\/jphysiol.1979.sp012616"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1979.sp012616","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3751","1469-7793"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3751","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-7793","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1979,1]]}}}