{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]],"date-time":"2024-09-05T12:03:46Z","timestamp":1725537826967},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1980,1,1]],"date-time":"1980-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":315532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1980,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>1. Kallikreins, kinin\u2010forming enzymes, are present in the wall of the gastro\u2010intestinal tract. The role of the kinin\u2010forming system in the gut is unknown. In the present study, a modified bio\u2010assay technique was used to detect the presence of tissue concentration gradients of kinin\u2010forming enzyme (KFE) at different levels of the rat gastro\u2010intestinal tract and the effect on them of diet.<\/jats:p><jats:p>2. Segments of rat gut, perfused free of blood, were homogenized in 0\u00b71 \n<jats:sc>N<\/jats:sc>\u2010HCl and activated by autolytic processes. Total KFE content was then determined by incubation of extract with standard kinin\u2010forming substrate, followed by bio\u2010assay of the released kinin using superfused oestrous rat uterus. Acid extraction of the KFE gave a recovery of 127\u00b74% when compared with simple water extraction.<\/jats:p><jats:p>3. Tissue concentrations of KFE were determined in stomach, duodenum, jejunum, terminal ileum, caecum and proximal and distal colon. Concentrations were determined after (A) normal diet, (B) water <jats:italic>ad libitum<\/jats:italic> for 24 hr and (C) isotonic glucose <jats:italic>ad libitum<\/jats:italic> for 60 hr.<\/jats:p><jats:p>4. All the gut tissues contained KFE. After diet A there was least (19\u00b75 \u00b1 1\u00b70 ng bradykinin equivalent formed per minute (KU) per gram wet weight) in the stomach and a single large peak (504 \u00b1 92 KU .g<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> wet weight) in the caecum.<\/jats:p><jats:p>5. The different dietary states produced changes only in the duodenum, the caecum and the distal colon. The duodenal level was raised when the organ was empty after diet B (140 \u00b1 29 KU .g<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) and fell when filled with solid or fluid after diets A (57 \u00b1 14 KU .g<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) and C (80 \u00b1 17 KU .g<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) respectively. The caecal KFE level, which was high when the lumen was full after diet A, fell progressively as it was increasingly emptied after diets B (213 \u00b1 41 KU .g<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) and C (105 \u00b1 42 KU .g<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) respectively. The KFE concentration in the distal colon was low when the lumen was full after diets A (58 \u00b1 10 KU .g<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) and B (66 \u00b1 17 KU .g<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) and rose when the lumen was nearly empty after diet C (118 \u00b1 17 KU .g<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>).<\/jats:p><jats:p>6. Kinin\u2010forming activity in rat intestinal extracts had a pH optimum at pH 8\u00b75 and formed a bradykinin\u2010like spasmogen. The increased activity in the fasted rat duodenum was not significantly inhibited by soybean trypsin inhibitor (100 \u03bcg\/ml.) while that in caeci from fed rats was inhibited by 17% (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0\u00b705).<\/jats:p><jats:p>7. These changes may indicate physiological involvement of the kallikrein\u2010kinin system in these organs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1980.sp013086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,19]],"date-time":"2014-12-19T07:26:55Z","timestamp":1418974015000},"page":"361-370","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The effect of diet on tissue levels of kinin\u2010forming enzyme in blood\u2010free rat gastro\u2010intestinal tract"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"298","author":[{"given":"N. H.","family":"Frankish","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I. J.","family":"Zeitlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1980,1]]},"container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1113%2Fjphysiol.1980.sp013086","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1980.sp013086","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,5]],"date-time":"2023-11-05T02:48:00Z","timestamp":1699152480000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1980.sp013086"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1980,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1980,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1113\/jphysiol.1980.sp013086"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1980.sp013086","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3751","1469-7793"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3751","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-7793","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1980,1]]}}}