{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T18:34:51Z","timestamp":1782844491552,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1981,1,1]],"date-time":"1981-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":347155200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1981,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>1. The effects of beta\u2010bungarotoxin on acetylcholine (ACh) synthesis, tissue content and release have been studied in the rat diaphragm. A gas chromatographic mass spectrometric assay was used to measure ACh and choline. 2. Within 30 min, beta\u2010bungarotoxin (0.14 or 1.4 micrograms\/ml.) caused a significant increase in tissue ACh content. This increase was apparent prior to the final inhibition by beta\u2010bungarotoxin of evoked (10 Hz) ACh release. 3. The toxin enhanced the incorporation of [2H4]Ch into [2H4]ACh in both resting and stimulated preparations. 4. Hemicholinium\u20103 blocked the rise in diaphragm ACh normally produced by beta\u2010bungarotoxin. 5. Beta\u2010Bungarotoxin did not directly activate choline acetyltransferase in muscle homogenates. 6. The toxin\u2010induced rise in tissue ACh was largely absent in Ca2+\u2010free solutions which contained either EGTA (1 mM) or SrCl2 (2 or 10 mM). 7. Non\u2010neurotoxic phospholipases A2, fatty acids and the neurotoxic phospholipase A2, notexin, did not cause ACh accumulation in the diaphragm. 8. Beta\u2010Bungarotoxin did not stimulate ACh synthesis in denervated muscle. 9. The extra ACh which accumulated after beta\u2010bungarotoxin did not contribute to enhanced release by nerve impulses even when 4\u2010aminopyridine was added to the medium. High K+ solution and black widow spider venom were also ineffective in increasing output from toxin\u2010treated diaphragms relative to controls that had not been treated with beta\u2010bungarotoxin. 10. Prior injection of a rat with botulinum toxin prevented the accumulation of ACh due to beta\u2010bungarotoxin. Tubocurarine, however, did not antagonize beta\u2010bungarotoxin. 11. These data indicate that beta\u2010bungarotoxin has a unique capacity to inhibit ACh release and stimulate ACh synthesis in diaphragm nerve endings. The results are discussed in terms of a possible action of beta\u2010bungarotoxin to raise the level of ionized Ca in the nerve terminal cytosol.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1981.sp013535","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,19]],"date-time":"2014-12-19T07:17:08Z","timestamp":1418973428000},"page":"13-35","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Beta\u2010bungarotoxin stimulates the synthesis and accumulation of acetylcholine in rat phrenic nerve diaphragm preparations."],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"310","author":[{"given":"C B","family":"Gundersen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D J","family":"Jenden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M W","family":"Newton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1981,1]]},"container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1113%2Fjphysiol.1981.sp013535","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1981.sp013535","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]],"date-time":"2023-11-06T02:50:21Z","timestamp":1699239021000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1981.sp013535"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1981,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1981,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1113\/jphysiol.1981.sp013535"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1981.sp013535","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3751","1469-7793"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3751","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-7793","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1981,1]]}}}