{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T00:52:01Z","timestamp":1778892721745,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1991,10,1]],"date-time":"1991-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":686275200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>1. Inhibitory actions of the external divalent cations, Cd2+, Ni2+, Mn2+ and Co2+ on carbachol (CCh)\u2010induced inward current (Ins,ACh) were investigated in caesium aspartate\u2010loaded single longitudinal smooth muscle cells of guinea\u2010pig ileum, using a rapid solution\u2010switching device, under voltage\u2010clamped conditions. 2. Cd2+ (20\u20101000 microM), when added to the external solution, reduced Ins,ACh rapidly and reversibly. This effect occurred dose dependently, the relationship being adequately described by a Michaelis\u2010Menten equation with a Hill coefficient (n) of 1.0 and a dissociation constant (Kd) of 98 microM. 3. The inhibitory action of Cd2+ was associated neither with agonist concentration (CCh) nor with changes in reversal potential, and was voltage independent. 4. The appearance and removal of the effect of Cd2+ were both rapid (a few hundred milliseconds), in sharp contrast with a relatively slow time course of atropine or CCh action (of the order of seconds). 5. Other divalent cations (Ni2+, Mn2+, Co2+, Mg2+) applied externally also suppressed Ins,ACh, but less potently. The sequence of apparent potency was Cd2+ (98 microM) greater than or equal to Ni2+ (131 microM) much greater than Co2+ (700 microM) greater than or equal to Mn2+ (1000 microM) much greater than Mg2+ (approximately 10 mM). 6. External Ca2+ increased Ins,ACh dose dependently and antagonized the inhibitory effect of Cd2+. However, this effect may not be a simple competition with Cd2+. 7. These results show that external divalent cations strongly modulate Ins,ACh channels, possibly through direct interaction with the channel protein.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1991.sp018802","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,17]],"date-time":"2014-12-17T17:22:01Z","timestamp":1418836921000},"page":"447-463","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Effect of external Cd2+ and other divalent cations on carbachol\u2010activated non\u2010selective cation channels in guinea\u2010pig ileum."],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"442","author":[{"given":"R","family":"Inoue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1991,10]]},"container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1113%2Fjphysiol.1991.sp018802","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1991.sp018802","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]],"date-time":"2023-10-23T11:20:03Z","timestamp":1698060003000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1991.sp018802"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1991,10]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1113\/jphysiol.1991.sp018802"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1991.sp018802","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3751","1469-7793"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3751","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-7793","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1991,10]]}}}