{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T05:40:39Z","timestamp":1792129239065,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1994,3,15]],"date-time":"1994-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":763689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,3,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>1. Whole\u2010cell patch clamp recording techniques were applied to granule cells in an in vitro salamander olfactory bulb preparation to study their morphology, membrane properties and pharmacology of postsynaptic responses to electrical stimulation of either the olfactory nerve (ON) or medial olfactory tract (MOT). Optical recordings of the same preparations stained with the voltage\u2010sensitive dye RH414 were also made. 2. Anatomical reconstructions of biocytin\u2010filled granule cells showed that they extend widespread spine\u2010bearing dendrites and an axon\u2010like process that branched within the external plexiform layer. 3. ON or MOT stimulation evoked a long\u2010lasting depolarization, usually generating only a single action potential, in granule cells studied under standard recording conditions. Bath application of bicuculline methiodide (BMI, a GABAA receptor antagonist, 20 or 25 microM) enhanced the spontaneous and electrically evoked excitatory drive to granule cells. 4. The electrically evoked synaptic responses consisted of both excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs. Using symmetrical Cl\u2010 conditions inside and outside the cell to enhance Cl\u2010 currents, spontaneous and electrically driven BMI\u2010sensitive inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) were revealed, indicating that granule cells receive GABAergic synaptic input. 5. Bath application of GABA (250 microM to 1 mM) shunted and hyperpolarized granule cells as observed directly from whole\u2010cell recordings and indirectly from cell\u2010attached patch single channel recordings. 6. Bath application of the glutamate receptor antagonists 6\u2010cyano\u20102,3\u2010dihydroxy\u20107\u2010nitroquinoxaline (CNQX, 10 microM) and\/or DL\u20102\u2010amino\u20105\u2010phosphonopentanoic acid (DL\u2010AP5, 100 microM) showed that granule cell dendrodendritic EPSPs are shaped by both non\u2010NMDA and NMDA receptors. 7. The time course and pharmacological sensitivity of both single granule cell responses and ensemble responses recorded optically in the deeper layers of the bulb correlated well. 8. It is concluded that salamander granule cells integrate several types of synaptic input, may have both dendritic and axonal output, and play a major role in generating voltage\u2010sensitive dye signals in the olfactory bulb.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1994.sp020082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,17]],"date-time":"2014-12-17T13:03:18Z","timestamp":1418821398000},"page":"419-430","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["GABAergic and glutamatergic synaptic input to identified granule cells in salamander olfactory bulb."],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"475","author":[{"given":"D P","family":"Wellis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J S","family":"Kauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1994,3,15]]},"container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1113%2Fjphysiol.1994.sp020082","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1994.sp020082","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T05:15:03Z","timestamp":1698124503000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1994.sp020082"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,3,15]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,3,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1113\/jphysiol.1994.sp020082"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1994.sp020082","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3751","1469-7793"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3751","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-7793","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,3,15]]}}}