{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T16:33:09Z","timestamp":1758126789849},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1994,6,1]],"date-time":"1994-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":770428800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>1. Changes in cytosolic free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in response to cholinergic and adrenergic agents alone and in combination were investigated using fura\u20102 fluorescence imaging in intact non\u2010pigmented epithelial cells of rabbit ciliary body. 2. Resting (\u2018baseline\u2019) [Ca2+]i was 147 +\/\u2010 6 nM (mean +\/\u2010 S.E.M.). Acetylcholine (ACh, 10 microM) doubled [Ca2+]i, and adrenaline (1 microM) increased it by about 36%. When ACh (10 microM) and adrenaline (1 microM) were applied together [Ca2+]i was transiently increased to 1160 +\/\u2010 160 nM, about 7 times the response induced by ACh alone. 3. Noradrenaline and 5\u2010bromo\u20106\u2010(2\u2010imidazolin\u20102\u2010yl\u2010amino)\u2010quinoxaline (UK 14304) had effects similar to adrenaline in enhancing the response to ACh. Phenylephrine (Phe) had a relatively smaller effect and none was observed for methoxamine and isoprenaline (Iso). 4. The response to ACh and adrenaline could be blocked by atropine (1 microM, 87 +\/\u2010 5%), yohimbine (1 microM, 73 +\/\u2010 8%), and to a lesser degree by prazosin (1 microM). Propranolol had no effect. 5. Lowering the extracellular calcium concentration to 3 nM dropped the baseline [Ca2+]i by half and reduced the response to ACh and adrenaline to a small and transient rise in [Ca2+]i. Addition of La3+ to Ca(2+)\u2010containing solution also lowered [Ca2+]i and largely reduced the response. 6. We conclude that simultaneous activation of muscarinic and alpha 2\u2010adrenergic receptors induces a large increase in [Ca2+]i, which is the result of both Ca2+ release and influx.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1994.sp020185","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,17]],"date-time":"2014-12-17T12:32:07Z","timestamp":1418819527000},"page":"215-221","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Synergistic effect of adrenergic and muscarinic receptor activation on [Ca2+]i in rabbit ciliary body epithelium."],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"477","author":[{"given":"N A","family":"Farahbakhsh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M C","family":"Cilluffo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1994,6]]},"container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1113%2Fjphysiol.1994.sp020185","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1994.sp020185","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T01:29:11Z","timestamp":1698110951000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1994.sp020185"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,6]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1113\/jphysiol.1994.sp020185"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1994.sp020185","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3751","1469-7793"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3751","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-7793","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,6]]}}}