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Recent findings suggest that hypocretin neurons are involved in sleep\u2010wake regulation. Loss of hypocretin neurons in the human disorder narcolepsy is associated with excessive somnolence, cataplexy and increased propensity for rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. However, the relationship of PF\u2010LHA neuronal activity to different arousal states is unknown. We recorded neuronal activity in the PF\u2010LHA of rats during natural sleep and waking. Neuronal discharge rates were calculated during active waking (waking accompanied by movement), quiet waking, non\u2010REM sleep and REM sleep. Fifty\u2010six of 106 neurons (53 %) were classified as wake\/REM\u2010related. These neurons exhibited peak discharge rates during waking and REM sleep and reduced discharge rates during non\u2010REM sleep. Wake\u2010related neurons (38 %) exhibited reduced discharge rates during both non\u2010REM and REM sleep when compared to that during waking. Wake\u2010related neurons exhibited significantly higher discharge rates during active waking than during quiet waking. The discharge of wake\u2010related neurons was positively correlated with muscle activity across all sleep\u2010waking states. Recording sites were located within the hypocretin\u2010immunoreactive neuronal field of the PF\u2010LHA. Although the neurotransmitter phenotype of recorded cells was not determined, the prevalence of neurons with wake\u2010related discharge patterns is consistent with the hypothesis that the PF\u2010LHA participates in the regulation of arousal, muscle activity and sleep\u2010waking states.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2001.012888","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T12:45:57Z","timestamp":1027773957000},"page":"619-631","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":170,"title":["Sleep\u2010waking discharge patterns of neurons recorded in the rat perifornical lateral hypothalamic area"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"538","author":[{"given":"Md. 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