{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T02:13:14Z","timestamp":1789351994122,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,1]],"date-time":"2002-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1025481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The lumbrical skeletal muscle fibres of mice exhibited electrically bistable behaviour due to the nonlinear properties of the inwardly rectifying potassium conductance. When the membrane potential (<jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>m<\/jats:sub>) was measured continuously using intracellular microelectrodes, either a depolarization or a hyperpolarization was observed following reduction of the extracellular potassium concentration (K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup><jats:sub>o<\/jats:sub>) from 5.7 m<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc> to values in the range 0.76\u20133.8 m<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>, and <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>m<\/jats:sub> showed hysteresis when K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup><jats:sub>o<\/jats:sub> was slowly decreased and then increased within this range. Hypertonicity caused membrane depolarization by enhancing chloride import through the Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\u2013K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\u20132Cl<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> cotransporter and altered the bistable behaviour of the muscle fibres. Addition of bumetanide, a potent inhibitor of the Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\u2010K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\u20102Cl<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> cotransporter, and of anthracene\u20109\u2010carboxylic acid, a blocker of chloride channels, caused membrane hyperpolarization particularly under hypertonic conditions, and also altered the bistable behaviour of the cells. Hysteresis loops shifted with hypertonicity to higher K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup><jats:sub>o<\/jats:sub> values and with bumetanide to lower values. The addition of 80 \u03bcM BaCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> or temperature reduction from 35 to 27 \u00b0C induced a depolarization of cells that were originally hyperpolarized. In the K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup><jats:sub>o<\/jats:sub> range of 5.7\u201322.8 m<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>, cells in isotonic media (289 mmol kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) responded nearly Nernstianly to K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup><jats:sub>o<\/jats:sub> reduction, i.e. 50 mV per decade; in hypertonic media this dependence was reduced to 36 mV per decade (319 mmol kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) or to 31 mV per decade (340 mmol kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>). Our data can explain apparent discrepancies in \u0394<jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>m<\/jats:sub> found in the literature. We conclude that chloride import through the Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\u2013K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\u20132Cl<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> cotransporter and export through Cl<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> channels influenced the <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>m<\/jats:sub> and the bistable behaviour of mammalian skeletal muscle cells. The possible implication of this bistable behaviour in hypokalaemic periodic paralysis is discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2001.013298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,28]],"date-time":"2002-07-28T23:15:15Z","timestamp":1027898115000},"page":"181-191","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Effects of chloride transport on bistable behaviour of the membrane potential in mouse skeletal muscle"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"542","author":[{"given":"R. J. Geukes","family":"Foppen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. G. J.","family":"van Mil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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