{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T22:27:38Z","timestamp":1790720858554,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,1]],"date-time":"2003-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1041379200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Peristaltic contractions in the stomach are regulated by the spread of electrical slow waves from the corpus to the pylorus. Gastric slow waves are generated and propagated by the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC). All regions distal to the dominant pacemaker area in the corpus are capable of generating slow waves, but orderly gastric peristalsis depends upon a frequency gradient in which the corpus pacemaker frequency exceeds the antral frequency. Cholinergic, muscarinic stimulation enhances pacemaker frequency. We investigated this phenomenon using intact murine gastric muscles and cultured ICC. Acetylcholine (ACh) increased the frequency of slow waves in antrum and corpus muscles. The increase was significantly greater in the antrum. ACh and carbachol (CCh) increased the pacemaker currents in cultured ICC. At high doses of CCh, transient pacemaker currents fused into sustained inward currents that persisted for the duration of stimulation. The effects of CCh were blocked by low doses of the M<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> receptor antagonist 1\u2010dimethyl\u20104\u2010diphenylacetoxypiperidinium. Frequency enhancement by CCh was not affected by forskolin, but the phospholipase C inhibitor U\u201073122 inhibited both the increase in frequency and the development of tonic inward currents. 2\u2010Aminoethyldiphenyl borate also blocked the chronotropic responses to CCh. Inhibitors of protein kinase C did not block responses to CCh. These studies show that mice are an excellent model for studying mechanisms that regulate gastric slow\u2010wave frequency. CCh, apparently via production of inositol 1,4,5\u2010trisphosphate, accelerates the frequency of pacemaker activity. High concentrations of CCh may block the entrainment of pacemaker currents, resulting in a tonic inward current.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2002.028977","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,15]],"date-time":"2003-01-15T01:22:42Z","timestamp":1042593762000},"page":"415-425","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Muscarinic regulation of pacemaker frequency in murine gastric interstitial cells of Cajal"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"546","author":[{"given":"Tae Wan","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang Don","family":"Koh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tam\u00e1s","family":"\u00d6rd\u00f6g","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean M.","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenton M.","family":"Sanders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.137.6.8641211","article-title":"Prostaglandin E2 activates phospholipase C and elevates intracellular calcium in cultured myometrial cells: involvement of EP1 and EP3 receptor subtypes","volume":"137","author":"Asboth G","year":"1996","journal-title":"Endocrinol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/361315a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","first-page":"279","article-title":"International Union of Pharmacology. 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