{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T12:19:50Z","timestamp":1791289190180,"version":"4.3.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,10,1]],"date-time":"2003-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1064966400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Obstructive sleep apnoea, a syndrome that leads to recurrent intermittent hypoxia, is associated with insulin resistance in obese individuals, but the mechanisms underlying this association remain unknown. We utilized a mouse model to examine the effects of intermittent hypoxia on insulin resistance in lean C57BL\/6J mice and leptin\u2010deficient obese (C57BL\/6J\u2212<jats:italic>Lep<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>ob<\/jats:sup>) mice. In lean mice, exposure to intermittent hypoxia for 5 days (short term) resulted in a decrease in fasting blood glucose levels (from 173 \u00b1 11 mg dl<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> on day 0 to 138 \u00b1 10 mg dl<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> on day 5, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01), improvement in glucose tolerance without a change in serum insulin levels and an increase in serum leptin levels in comparison with control (2.6 \u00b1 0.3 <jats:italic>vs.<\/jats:italic> 1.7 \u00b1 0.2 ng ml<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). Microarray mRNA analysis of adipose tissue revealed that leptin was the only upregulated gene affecting glucose uptake. In obese mice, short\u2010term intermittent hypoxia led to a decrease in blood glucose levels accompanied by a 607 \u00b1 136 % (<jats:styled-content><jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01<\/jats:styled-content>) increase in serum insulin levels. This increase in insulin secretion after 5 days of intermittent hypoxia was completely abolished by prior leptin infusion. Obese mice exposed to intermittent hypoxia for 12 weeks (long term) developed a time\u2010dependent increase in fasting serum insulin levels (from 3.6 \u00b1 1.1 ng ml<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> at baseline to 9.8 \u00b1 1.8 ng ml<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> at week 12, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) and worsening glucose tolerance, consistent with an increase in insulin resistance. We conclude that the increase in insulin resistance in response to intermittent hypoxia is dependent on the disruption of leptin pathways.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2003.048173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,10,1]],"date-time":"2003-10-01T01:33:49Z","timestamp":1064972029000},"page":"253-264","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":318,"title":["Intermittent Hypoxia Increases Insulin Resistance in Genetically Obese Mice"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"552","author":[{"given":"Vsevolod Y.","family":"Polotsky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianguo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naresh M.","family":"Punjabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnon 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